WARSHIPSRESEARCH

Thursday, 12 December 2013

Portuguese and Spanish naval movements according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 1 August 1818

Lisbon, 2 July. According to an extract of a private letter dated St. Michiel, Azores 19 June published in the newspaper l’Oracle arrived there a Portuguese goelette of war coming from Terceira where she arrived a few days earlier coming via Madera from Lisbon. She brought important orders namely to transport at once all cash money available of the Customs service and to monster men regarded the sighted Spanish fleet. Within 2-3 days were 500-600 men enlisted. The goelette departed towards Terceira with the money and around 100 recruits. According to the writer of the letter and other inhabitants of the Azores didn’t they have t fear for a Spanish attack. Some believed it was a British fleet.

Fitting out of British warships according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 3 August 1818

London, 28 July. At that moment was on the river [the Thames?] a ship anchored to embarked new enlisted sailors. According to rumours ordered the admiralty the fitting out of 12 ships of the line fort the forthcoming naval revenue.

Russian squadron at Danzig according to the Dutch newspaper Middelburgsche Courant dated 26 May 1774

Copenhagen, 10 May. Yesterday arrived a Russian boat with the tiding that admiral Rukinsow with a squadron of 6 ships of the line and 2 frigates was lying on the roads of Danzig. This squadron was expected to visit Copenhage before sailing to the Mediterranean.

British and Spanish naval movements according to the Dutch newspaper Ommelander Courant dated 3 August 1790

Madrid, 28 June. At Cadiz arrived three frigates with 599,871 piasters, 552 Mark silver etc.

Madrid, 12 June. When the tiding was received that the British squadron departed to sea were orders sent to Cadiz to sent immediately the fleet to sea. Also was ordered to fit out an extra ordinary 10 ships of the line and to embark the regiment of Cantabrie. According to letters dated Cadiz 6 July was this regiment all ready embarked on board of 2 ships of the line, 1 frigate and a horque [hulk?] en after loading a large amount of ammunition were these ships departed towards Portorico.

Lisbon, 26 June. Spanish warships were sighted cruising off Cape St. Vincent. According to rumours was a division of warships sent to America.

Dutch commandeur in the Davis Strait whale-fishery Hans Hansen 1790

In the next years I intended to supply more biographical details dealing with this commandeur and his director(s) and the ships he commanded.

Sailed for director Hendrik Costerius of Amsterdam with zero results.

Source

Gerret van Sante, broker at Zaandam. Alphabetische Naam-Lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davissche Commandeurs, die zedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland, en zedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis, voor Holland en andere Provincien hebben gevaaren. Haarlem, 1770. This book also contains hand written notes for the period 1770-1794.

Brazilian privateers against Portugal according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 8 April 1823

Rio Janeiro, 2 February. 10 January were letters of marque given to use against all ships flying the Portuguese flag.

Spanish privateers waiting for departure towards open sea according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 22 April 1823

The newspaper l'Oracle published a letter from Barcelona according to which 60 Spanish vessels fitted out as privateers and with letters de marque anchored off the Spanish coasts between Rosas and Tarragona waiting for permission from the governor to depart for open sea. This permission was to be expected as soon as tidings arrived of a French invasion in Spain.

The Greek and Turkish navies in the Mediterranean according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 23 April 1823

Zante, 13 March. All Greek islands were busy with fitting out fairways and stations with fire ships and rockets where the Turkish squadron probably could appear. At that moment were 40 complete armed and fitted out ships cruising off the African coasts especially off Cape Bon to prevent ships from the Barbary States to depart to sea or to fight with these. The Austrian brig Montecuculi master Patimen who tried to victual the Turkish in the besieged castle of Patras was hold up by 3 Greek vessels and brought to Zante. Original source for these tidings was the newspaper Journal des Débats.

The Greek and Turkish navies in the Mediterranean according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 22 April 1823

Frankfurt, 16 April. In the Ionian Sea fought a Turkish brig of war underway from Constantinople towards Patras with 7 Greek vessels. Although a Greek fire ship managed to set the mainsail in fire, managed the Turkish crew to cut the mainmast while escaping towards Ithaca.

Dutch 5th charter-frigate Landskroon 1755-1787

Squadron commanded by rear admiral Van Kruyne in 1782-1783 off Rammekens. Her commanding officer was captain Mauregnault.

Built in 1755 by Charles Bentam at the navy yard at Amsterdam in 1755 for the Admiralty of Amsterdam and finally condemned between 1785 and 1787. Dimensions (Amsterdam foot) 141 (lower deck) x 39 7/11 x 17-17 7/11, armed with 44 guns and with a crew numbering 250 men.

Sources
- Notes from and correspondance with Jan Glete, Sweden.
- Catalogue Slag op de Doggersbank.
- Archief Admiraliteits Colleges XXXIX no. 115.
- Archief Admiraliteits Colleges XLVII no. 17.

Dutch 5th charter-frigate Monnikendam 1782-1797

Squadron commanded by rear admiral Van Kruyne in 1782-1783 off Rammekens

This 5ht rate was built for the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier by J. Hand at Enkhuizen in 1782 and finally captured while commanded by captain Lancaster by the Royal British Navy on 11October 1797 during the battle of Camperdown. but lost off Zoutelande. Dimensions 149 9/11 x 40 4/11 x 15 2/11 armed with 40-44 guns and a crew numbering, 270 men. Commanding officer March 1783-May 1786 captain M. Kuyper. The Dutch newspaper Goudasche courant dated 18 October 1797 referred to a eye witness which assured the press that he saw the stranding of the frigate on the Saturday before off Zoutelande. Despite throwing the masts over board she remained stranded. He also said that just a few crew membvers survived this disaster.

Sources
- Notes from and correspondance with Jan Glete, Sweden.
- Catalogue Slag op de Doggersbank.
- Archief Admiraliteits Colleges XXXIX no. 115.
- Archief Admiraliteits Colleges XLVII no. 17.

The Algerian, Egyptian, French and Spanish navies in the Mediterranean according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 24 April 1823

London, 18 April. Letters from Gibraltar dated 29 March reported that that morning a French convoy coming from the Mediterranean the Strait passed and which was in the afternoon off Cape Spartel. The convoy consisted of 9 ships with ballast escorted by a brig of war. The commanding officer of the latter asked the steersman of a Spanish vessel if he heard anything dealing with a French ship of the line and if he knew of Spanish privateers active at sea. According to rumours departed a Spanish ship of the line and a brig Cadiz for cruising. An Algerian squadron of 1-60 gun ship, 1-50 gun ship and 1 goelette and a corvette belonging to the Pasha of Egypt left 4 April Algiers destined for Alexandria. The original source was the newspaper The Sun.

The Turkish navy in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 11 August 1823

Corfu, 9 July. The Turkish squadron which arrived at Patras stayed there until the 2 July seizing in the waters of Missolunghi 12 ships of different nations and plundering the cargoes. They even seemed to have hanged an Italian master.

The Turkish navy in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 9 August 1823

Trieste, 25 July. According to all tidings coming from the Archipelago tried the Greek warships to cut off all communication between the Turkish fleet and the Dardanelles forcing her to battle. The captains of the Turkish squadron trained while lying at Mitylene their crews several times shooting with the guns. According to the newspaper l’Etoile this training was a disaster due to the fact that a large amount of this so-called gunners were men of all kind of crafts which were taken with force from the streets of Constantinople and placed on board of the ships.

The British and French navies around Cadiz according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 11 August 1823

London, 6 August. There were no new tidings from Cadiz except that a British frigate 18 July sailed through the French blockade and entered the harbour and fired a salute of 21 shots which was returned.

The British and French navies around Cadiz according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 12 August 1823

London, 8 August. Lloyds received tidings from Gibraltar dated 17 July according to which 3 small Spanish vessels which departed 15 July were burned by the French blockade squadron because of their departure. A frigate and brig of war are cruising behind the mountain and were probably the French ships which left earlier Gibraltar. One tiding reported that the frigate Tribune yesterday afternoon [17 July] departed towards Cadiz with the mail brought by the packet Osberne and an other ship.

Perpignan, 1 August. Someone who recently arrived coming from Barcelona told that a ship which came from Cadiz that 17 July all carpenters and other craftsmen of la Caracca were working at the gun launches numbering 60 although it was believed that no more than 40 were serviceable. Also was told that the British warship Lavinia which wanted to enter Cadiz 17 July was prevented to do so by the French rear admiral Hamelin. The British captain received a written testimony from the French rear admiral that he was ordered by his government to prevent this entering.

According to a telegram departed 7 July the brig l’Antilope Bayonne while escorting 3 with ammunition loaded ships towards Cadiz.

Coal transports built for the Brazilian navy at Schiedam according to the newspaper Schiedamsche Courant of 1914

Tuesday 13 January 1914. Yesterday was at the yard Gusto of the firm A.F. Smulders the first of the two coal transports for the Brazilian navy launched. Both ships were to serve as supply ships for the squadrons. A cargo capacity of 1.000 tons automatically unloaded 500 tons in a hour. Dimensions 167,2 x 40,4 x 18,4m (hold). Fitted out with 2 screws driven by 2 compound steam engines each of 500 ihp. Each engine was powerful enough to drive the automatically unloading installation. A 120 ihp engine was used to drive the mechanical loading of the conveyor. The ship was fitted out with the necessary winches for instance for the anchors while the she had an electric lightening. The steam was provided by a boiler with a heating surface of 1.260 square meters with a working pressure pf 120 pound. Surveyor during the building was the Bureau Veritas.

Saturday 8 August 1914. Yesterday was the second similar coal transport launched.

Tuesday 13 October 1914. The council of Schiedam gave the exemption of the port dues for two coal transports which couldn’t be exported due to the circumstances at hat moment [First World War].I presume that these were the transports built for Brazil. I haven’t been able to trace yet in the newspapers the fate of both ships.

The floating cranes Puerto de la Capital No. 2 and No. 3 built at the yard Gusto at Schiedam, Netherlands for the Argentinean government in 1908 according to the newspaper Schiedamsche Courant
The yard Gusto at Schiedam owned by F. Smulders was well known for her floating cranes which were build for countries all over the world. There were at least 3 build for Argentina, 2 of these in 1908. In the local newspaper Schiedamsche Courant were the following news items published dealing with both cranes.

Saturday 23 May 1908. Yesterday [=Friday 22 May] was with success the steel built hull of a floating crane with 2 screws and a lifting capacity of 100 tons launched. This crane and a second one with a lifting capacity of 60 tons were built for the Argentinean government. The dimensions of the crane were 47 x 17 x 4m. Fitted out with 2 compound engines with totally 540 ihp. To drive on each a air-, supply and dry pump. The circulation water for both engines was supplied by a centrifugal electric pump engine. The crane was driven by a 150 ihp compound engine fitted out with a air- and circulation pump. There were also 2 steam transport winches, 1 steam anchor winch, 1 centrifugal salvage pump and steam pumps for several purposes. The steam was delivered by 2 boilers each with a heating surface of 100 square meters and 8 atmosphere pressure. After completion both cranes were to depart on their own resources for Buenos Aires
Friday 26 May 1908. Yesterday (Thursday 25 May] was the 60-ton crane launched. Dimensions 40 x 17 x 3,60m.
Sunday 20 September 1908. Yesterday [Saturday 19 September] departed the 100 tons crane Puerto de la Capital No. 2 towards Buenos Aires. With a speed of 7,5 knots she was to expected to arrive early November at her destination. She started the voyage completely built up. The 60 tons crane was to follow within 14 days.
Thursday 8 October 1908. According to a yesterday received telegram arrived she that day without any problems at Funchal (Madeira). The 60 tons crane the Puerto de la capital No. 3 departed 7 October to her destination. She was able to lift 60 tons turn around without listing of the vessel. With a speed of 8 knots she was expected to arrive mid November. She resembled completely the 100 tons crane.
Saturday 17 October. The No. 2 arrived safely at St. Vincent (Cape Verde islands) and departed Wednesday to her destination.
Sunday, 25 October 1908. The 60 tons crane (the No. 3) arrived the day before yesterday at St. Vincent.
Saturday 14 November 1908. According to a yesterday received telegram arrived the No. 2 Tuesday 10 November at Buenos Aires after a voyage of 50 day. The newspaper reported that she left the yard 28 September in contrary to the earlier item dated 20 September.
Tuesday, 24 November. The No. 3 arrived 20 November at her destination after a voyage of 45 days.

The navy yard at Woolwich according to the Dockyard Politics and Patronage of 1854

Thanks to the fact that nowadays more and more books are digitized we are able to read books that are some times for decades no longer available for the public for several reasons. That's quite a pity while these books contains useful information while the archives are destroyed, incomplete or nor accessible.

P. 6: “Woolwich dockyard extends nearly a mile along the banks of the Thames, varying in breadth from one to two furlongs, having an outer basin comprising an area of 120,000 square feet, and an inner basin with an area of 160,000 feet. A dry dock at the east end of the yard, is the finest and most commodious that has ever been built. A ship of war, 1000 tons burthen, was built here in the reign of Henry VII, which that king named “Henry Grace de Dieu” but no regular establishment for ship-building was formed here until Henry VIII. commenced a Royal Dockyard, which was enlarged by Queen Elizabeth, and has continued to advance in importance. “The Sovereign of the Seas,” 1637 tons, carrying 176 guns, was launched from this yard, in the reign of Charles I. This is the grand depot of artillery for the Army and Navy, with barracks, foundries, factories, &c, for the manufacture of various warlike stores. The Smithery, a spacious building, with its simple and beautiful machinery for mitigating the laborious exertions of the smiths employed in anchor-making and other heavy work, was the execution of that eminent engineer, Mr. Rennie. A steam engine of 20-horse power works two lift-hammers weighing four tons each; knees, keelsons, breast-pieces, and all other iron-work connected with ship building are manufactured here, and anchors of the largest size. There are two dry docks, one of which is double, for the repairing of vessels, and slips in which ships of war of the largest dimensions are built under sheds lighted

p. 7: from the roof. At the Engineering Foundry, steam-engine boilers, and the requisite machinery for the steam vessels, often of very heavy tonnage, are built. A basin, 400 feet long, and 290 feet broad, is capable of receiving ships of the largest size, and there are a mast-pond, mast-houses, boat-houses, ranges of timber-sheds, store-houses upon the most extensive scale, and every arrangement requisite for the usual or accidental demands of the Naval Service. The Royal Arsenal is under the control of the Board of Ordnance. It includes within its walls an area of 100 acres, with a range of official houses for the officers attached to this department of the public service. The Royal Military Academy was instituted in 1719, and the establishment, which is under the direction of the Master General of the Ordnance, contains 170 pupils. The number of workmen authorised as the Establishment in this dockyard (exclusive of 612 in the steam factories,) is 998. The last vote by Parliament, for salaries, wages, and other annual expenses, amounted to £ 118,095. The inhabitants of the town are not engaged in any particular branch of manufacture, nor is there any trade of importance, the larger part of them being supported by the Army and Naval establishments.”

Source
Dockyard Politics and Patronage: a collection of memoranda to assist future enquiries. London, 1854.

Movements of the Dutch navy in the Dutch East Indies according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 5 August 1844

The Hague, 4 August. According to tidings from the Dutch East Indies dated until the second half of April were again pirates sighted for instance in the waters around the Moluccas. Off Ternate succeeded a native patrol vessel to beat off 5 pirates. The pirates of Mangindano intended according to one tiding to collect their whole force of around 200 vessels (included a captured European vessel) off Celebes to seek for revenge for their defeats in last year or even to capture the Dutch steam vessel which fought with them. The rear admiral Machielsen, commanding officer of the Dutch naval force in the Dutch East Indies departed when he heard of this tiding with the steamship Zr. Ms. Phoenix towards Makasser. (1) The brig Zr. Ms. Siewa lieutenant 1st class P. Sauvage struck on a reef north of Poeloekarang near Baros, Sumatra and was lost. (1) The crew and part of the rigging was saved. The master of the Portuguese ship Margarida F.A. d'Aquino was convicted by the court of justice at Batavia and condemned to 5 year in prison and then banished for a period of 20 years.

Notes
1. Paddle steamship, on stocks at the navy yard at Rotterdam, Netherlands 1834, launched 1836, lengthened 1845-1847, stricken 1863, dimensions 39,00m x 8,40m x 4,00m, 7 guns, 120 hp horsepower.
2. Built in the Dutch East Indies. Armed with 16 guns.

The navy dry dock at Norfolk according to the Senate executive documents 1857-1858

P. 664: “The stone dry dock at Norfolk has been kept in good working condition, and the demands upon it have kept it in almost constant use during the past year. The balance floating dock, basin, and railway, at Pensacola, have been carefully attended to, and are in good condition, but the effect of the climate at this place is such as to produce rapid decay, and consequently frequent repairs will be required upon these works.”

Source

The executive documents, printed by order of the senate of the United States, first session, thirty-fifth congress and special session of 1858. 1857-1858. 16 Volumes. Washington, 1858.

Movements of the Dutch E.I.C. ships and foreign ships in the Dutch East Indies in October 1699

See also on this weblog the notes dealing with cargo capacities and individual ships.

Abbekerk, fluyt, arrived at Batavia coming from Bantam with a cargo of pepper valued fl. 71.521:17:02 7 October 1699, destined towards Bengal with a cargo valued fl. 401.028:17:08 19 October 1699

Andromeda, yacht, arrived at Batavia coming from Amboina with a cargo valued fl. 27.893:14:08 15 October 1699, departed Batavia towards Bantam with 10.000 Spanish realen and a cargo of “obars Mataram" valued fl. 39.424:13:00 23 October 1699

Anonymous, chialoup, arrived at Batavia coming from Japara and indicated as being new 17 October 1699Beijeren, destined towards Bengal with 10.000 Spanish realen and 8 picols weights 2 October 1699, arrived at Batavia coming from Bantam with a cargo of pepper valued fl. 85.873:08:00 14 October 1699, destined towards Malacca with a cargo valued fl. 597.964:17:00 22 October 1699

Bije, arrived at Batavia with letters from Japara and Soerabaija and a cargo valued fl. 11.478:10:00 12 October 1699

Donkervliet, ship, tidings of her arrival from the Netherlands 29 October 1699

Herderin, small yacht, arrived at Batavia coming from Ceylon [Sri Lanka] with a cargo valued fl. 4.893:04:00 11 October 1699Java, ship, decided to be laid up and to sell the hull 30 October 1699

Larique, chialoup, arrived at Batavia coming from Amboina 25 October 1699

Merenselijn, ship, chamber Rotterdam, arrived at Batavia coming from the Netherlands 29 october 1699

Oosthuijsen, fluyt, departed Batavia towards Japara with a cargo valued fl. 2.553:12:00 14 October 1699

Padang, chialoup, departed from Batavia towards Bantam 6 October 1699, arrived at Batavia coming from Bantam 16 October 1699

Parkiet, pantjalang, departed Batavia towards Tanjongpour 27 october 1699

Peer, galliot, arrived at Batavia coming from Cheribon and a cargo valued fl. 4.161:10:08 5 October 1699

Pruijm, galliot, arrived at Batavia coming from Ceylon [Sri Lanka] with a cargo of valued fl. 2.093:14:08 11 October 1699

Schelde, arrived at Batavia coming from Banda with a cargo valued fl. 30.202:12:00 21 October 1699

Swaagh, ship, destined towards Bengal with a cargo valued fl. 217.520:00:00 19 October 1699

Tambour, yacht, arrived at Batavia coming from Japara 5 October 1699, destined towards Malacca with a cargo valued 186.919:01:08 22 October 1699

Waterman, ship, destined towards Bengal with a cargo valued fl. 464.301:00:00 19 October 1699

Westhoven, ship, arrived at Batavia coming from Bantam with a cargo valued fl. 87.556:05:00 28 October 1699

The French navy in the Mediterranean according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 1 August 1844

Several ships of the line of the squadron commanded by admiral Parseval in the Mediterranean were according to rumours ordered to sail towards Brest to escort king Louis Philips in September to England.

The Mexican and Spanish navies in the South American area according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 11 November 1825

London, 7 November. According to tidings from Alvardo was St. Juan d’Ulloa still blockaded by the squadron of the Independents. There were officers appointed to bring the former Spanish ship of the line Asia and the gun brig Constantia to the golf of Mexico. Rumours claimed that a frigate from England was expected to arrive.

Wednesday, 11 December 2013

The Russian naval shipbuilding in the Black Sea area according to the American navy officer Hichborn

The American naval officer Hichborn published in 1886 an extensive work dealing with the European dockyards he visited in 1885. In Russia he went to the yards at St. Petersburg, Sebastopol and Nicolaieff (1)

p. 26: “The naval stations in the Black Sea are at Nicolaieff and Sebastopol. Another station is shortly to be located at Novorossijk (New Russia), the site of which is in the province of Circassia, and within 50 miles of the strait between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The dock-yard at Sebastopol is being rapidly reconstructed to its former importance,

p. 27: and two ironclads the Sinope and Tchesme, of 8,500 tons, are in course of construction under contract.(2) Their dimensions are : length between perpendiculars, 314 feet ; breadth, 69 feet ; depth from upper deck, 42 feet ; main draught, 25 feet. They will be twin screws, with engines of 9,000 indicated horse-power and a speed of 14 knots. The armor for the side and barbettes weighs 2,192 tons, and is being delivered, one half by Brown & Co., of Sheffield, the other half by the Baltic Engineering Works of St. Petersburg. The armor extends from stem to stern, and is of 18 inches maximum thickness, on the barbettes 14 inches, and the protective deck is 3 inches thick. The engines for the Tchesme are being built in Belgium, and those of the Sinope by Napier, Glasgow. The armament will consist of six 12-inch guns on the disappearing principle, mounted in pairs at the corners of a large triangular breastwork or barbette. This stands on top of a rectangular citadel, which protects the hydraulic machinery for working and loading the guns; five torpedo tubes and an assortment of machine and light guns complete the armament. The cost of these vessels is given at 3,217,500 rubles, both ships to be ready for delivery before the close of 1886.

At Nicolaieff two still larger ironclads, Catharine II and another not yet named, are being built. The Catharine II will be of 9,090 tons displacement, 320 feet long between perpendiculars, or over all 341 feet 9 inches, 69 feet broad, and 25 feet mean draught. The engines are of the same horse power as those of the Tchesme, and are being built at the Baltic Works, St. Petersburg. In these vessels, as in the corvettes already mentioned, the Russian Government exhibits its determination to develop the national resources of shipbuilding material. Russian steel and Russian wood are employed exclusively, and vessels have lately circumnavigated Europe from Archangel to Nicolaieff with cargoes of ship-timber.

Notes

1. See on this weblog “The Russian armoured cruiser Admiral Nachimoff according to the American naval officer Philip Hichborn in 1885”, “The Russian armoured frigate Dimitri Donskoi according to the American naval officer Philip Hichborn in 1885” and “The Russian navy in 1885 according to Hichborn”.

The Egyptian, Greek and Turkish navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 15 December 1825

Augsburg, 9 December. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published the next two next items.

Santorino, 15 November. Off this island dropped 35 Greek ships their anchors waiting fro the fleet coming from Alexandria. It’s unknown what they will do if this fleet passes but in the time their crews were harassing the inhabitants of the island while daily coming on land and plundering the environments.

Constantinople, 10 November. The Porte received the official tiding that the Egyptian-Turkish fleet passed the waters of Cerigo and sailed with all sails standby towards Morea.

The Mexican and Spanish navies in the South American area according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 15 December 1825

London, 9 December. The HMS Jasper arrived from Vera Cruz after a voyage of 61 days. She reported that when she left the Spanish ships fought with the Mexican squadron commanded by Captain Smith.

Madrid, 29 November. The Spanish government did everything to fit out a new expedition destined for America. In the harbour du Passage were at that moment 2 frigates built and a third one at Bayonne without mentioning the shipbuilding at Cadiz.

The British, Egyptian, French, Greek and Turkish navies and Colombian and Greek pirates/privateers in the Mediterranean according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 27 July 1825

Constantinople, 25 June. It was common believed that the losses which the Captain Pasha suffered at Cape d’Oro were much heavier as thirst thought. From Smyrna was even reported that The Greeks captured a 24-gun corvette. In the meantime was at Constantinople a small fleet fitted out to transport ammunition destined towards the waters of Lepante escorted by a frigate. The Captain Pasha was still at Suda.

Frankfurt, 22 July. According to letters from Morea suffered the Captain Pasha and the Egyptian fleet indeed and the Greek fleet prevented any ships even with a white flag to approach the coast. The British rear admiral Hamilton captured 3 mistics who harassed the waters of Smyrna. An Austrian ship which arrived at Morea was plundered off Carabourzon by 3 Greek mistics, which stole for instance 3 bales cochenill. Another Austrian ship destined towards Trieste was also plundered by the Greeks just like a Austrian ship off Lagos destined towards Smyrna.

Cadiz, 5 July. According to the private correspondence in the newspaper Journal des Désbats departed yesterday after the noon unexpectedly the French frigates l’Amazone and l’Amphytrite, the corvette la Balserode, the brig le Saumon and a goelette. As soon as they arrived open sea they sailed towards the Strait of Gibraltar and the next day none was sighted anymore. At the moment were just two French goelettes and a fluyt cruising off Cadiz. Off the Spanish coast between Cadiz and Barcelona where however 31 Colombian privateers counted.

London, 23 July. In the Bay of Cadiz were 12 French warships of all small sizes including 4 frigates all strictly looking to preserve the quarantine.

Barcelona, 9 July. In the harbour arrived the next French warships, 3th July the goelette la Salpetre of 4 guns and 32 men coming van Palamos and Mataro and the goelette la Fauvette of 6 guns and 22 men coming from Mataro. 4th July the goelette la Fouche of 10 guns and 65 men coming from Ivira and 5th the goelette la Bombe of 10 guns and 32 men coming from Tarragona.

Madrid, 11 July. The Mediterranean and coasts of the Atlantic ocean are crawled with Colombian privateers and the Spanish government protested against the British protection of these privateers at Gibraltar, even so by very important persons.

Building of the Dutch merchant ships Christina Cornelia and Dordrecht at Dordrecht according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 18 November 1825

Dordrecht, 16 November. This afternoon was at the yard of Jan Schouten will all success the kof Christina Cornelia of 90 or 95 lasten launched and within a few days will the keel be laid down of the galliot to be named Dordrecht.

Discovery of remains of the Spanish silver fleet destroyed at Vigo in 1702 according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 15 December 1825

London, 9 December. A ship arrived coming Portugal which visited Vigo and her master told that the British company all ready discovered 5 Spanish ships which sunk in the bay in 1705 and some of silver and hardly damaged were salvaged.(1)

Note

1. This must be the Spanish silver fleet escorted by a French squadron destroyed or captured by a combined British Dutch fleet 23 October 1702 in the Bay of Vigo.

The Spanish expedition towards Havana according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 27 July 1825

London, 23 July. From Cadiz was reported that the 74-gun Guerrera and the frigates Diamonte and Perola received orders to be prepared to depart towards Couronne to escort the expedition destined towards Havana with at least 3.000 men.

The Austrian, British, Egyptian, French, Greek and Turkish navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 20 July 1825

Vienna, 20 July. The publication of the report written by major Bandiera commanding officer of the Austrian goelette Arethusa was continued in the Dutch newspaper.(1) The French goelette l’Amaranthe arrived in the morning of 16 May coming from Alexandria. Together with the commanding officer of the l’Amaranthe Bandiera was asked to be present at the meeting dealing with the surrender of Navarino. The garrison refused a surrender unless they were allowed to go on board of Austrian and British merchant ships and to go to Calamata while being escorted by the l’Amaranthe and Arethusa as they fear for what the Turkish navy would do. Both commanding officers asked for a hand written request for this escort. The 18th arrived the British frigate Sybilla captain Peschel and a British corvette at Navarino. The commanding officers of both ships came on shore and visited Ibrahim Pasha. The next day both ships departed for Corfu where lady Adams spouse of the Lord upper commissary of the Ionian islands came on board destined for Trieste. The Arethusa left 20 May with a fair North East wind and a hollow sea Modon together with the l’Amaranthe towards Navarino where they arrive din the afternoon. The merchant ships were not to arrive before the evening. The same day arrived a British brig of war to demand that a British merchant ship was given back by the Egyptians who seized her while she was loaded with victuals for the besieged city. The 23rd asked very early in the morning asked Ibrahim Pasha the commanding officers of the Arethusa and the l’Amaranthe to be present when of the Greek troops went on board of the merchant ships. The 1.100 Greeks went on board of an Austrian merchant ship and two British and immediately departed while escorted by both goelettes towards Calameta. Thanks to a favourable wind the Gulf of Colon was around 22.00 o’clock reached North East of the city. While the merchant ships didn’t have to fear for the Turkish fleet the Arethusa separated from them while going to Smyrna. In the morning of the 24th a brig of war of Spezzia was met of which the captain came on board telling what happened at Navarino. Bandiera told him what exactly happened with the Greek garrison. The Egyptian navy nowadays consisted of 11 frigates and 62 other warships and vessels as corvettes, brigs and goelettes and included 8 Algerian ships which arrived 10 May at Modon.

Note

1. See also on this weblog the note “The Algerian, Austrian, Dutch, Egyptian, Greek and Turkish navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 19 July 1825”.

The American, Egyptian and Greek navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 28 September 1825

Vienna, 17 September. The newspaper Oesterreichische Beobachter published a letter from Corfu dated 23 August according to which the fleet of the Captain pasha left the waters of Missolunghi 5 Augustus southwards probably to support the 5th Egyptian expedition. She consisted of 12 frigates, 13 corvettes and 15 brigs and schooners. Forteen ships namely a corvette, 4 brigs, 4 schooners and 5 transports stayed behind in the Gulf of Patras. The 6th departed the Greek fleet of 22 ships and 15 fire ships and the 10th Miaulis with another 10 ships the waters of Missolunghi towards the South. The American squadron anchored 21 August at Smyrna.

The Brazilian navy according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 26 September 1825

London, 21 September. From Buenos Aires arrived tidings that at Montevideo arrived 2 warships and around 1.600 soldiers coming from Rio Janeiro to defend Montevideo against the rebellions commanded by Liavellaja. In the river stopped a Brazilian warship all passing ships. It was assured that 5 July 3 warships sailed from Montevideo towards Buenos Aires if the government of the last city supported the revolt and if so to declare war against them. Al warships and around 25 gunboats were at Montevideo fitted out and prepared for action.

The Turkish navy according to the Dutch newspaper Middelburgsche Courant in 1776

28 September 1776. Constantinople, 14 August. Everything was done to strengthen the navy making her comparable with the navies of other countries. To prevent a lacking of sailors all muslims were forbidden on the penalty of death to sign on foreign ships.

19 September 1776. Constantinople, 3 August. In an extra ordinary meeting (the so-called Divan) it was decided to enlarge the fleet to a number of 50 units.

The Spanish navy according to the Dutch newspaper Middelburgsche Courant in 1760

16 February 1760. Madrid, 14 January. The intention was to have 1 April 30 ships of the line and 10 frigates to be ready to depart directly with ordered to do so. The fleet was of a strength comparable with earlier years. It was hoped that this was enough against the Moorish who repeatedly harassed the coasts.

The strength of the Russian navy according to the Dutch newspaper Middelburgsche Courant dated 9 April 1778

Petersburg, 12 March, The Russian navy consisted of 60 ships of the line, around 30-40 frigates and more as 150 galleys.

The Greek and Turkish navies in the Mediterranean according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 2 September 1824

Bucharest, 7 August. The common post of Constantinople dated 26 July but arrived not earlier as 4 August reported that the Greek recaptured Ipsara and that the Captain Pasha was blockaded at Mitylene. Since yesterday evening when couriers passed the city towards Vienna there are rumours that the Captain Pasha left Mitylene but was defeated by the Greek while losing the largest part of his fleet.

Augsburg, 26 August. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published a tiding of Trieste dated 18 August. A vessel arriving 6 July coming from Alexandria reported that the expedition commanded by Ibrahim Pasha consisting of 150 vessels and destined towards Greece still wasn’t depart and it was believed that this wasn’t to happen before 1 August.

French naval visit at Copenhagen, Denmark according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 2 September 1824

Copenhagen, 20 August. A French corvette and a frigate arrived coming from the East Sea 16 August.

The Greek and Turkish navies in the Mediterranean according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 1 September 1824

Corfu, 21 August. The newspaper of Missolunghi reported that the Greek fleet which left Hydra 9 July arrived in he waters of Ipsara where the Turkish Captain Pasha still was cruising. The battle between both fleets was fierce and the Greek succeeded by using fire ships to burn 3 Turkish frigates, included the ones of the Capudan Bey, of the Reala Bey and all ships exploded, The Captain Pasha managed to escape with heavy damaged ship while other ships of different sized were burnt of captured. The remaining ships fled to Mitylene while being in a worse condition.

The Spanish navy versus Colombian privateers according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 28 August 1824

Madrid, 19 August. The Spanish goelette el Condor while returning from Martinique to which destinations she had brought orders towards Havana met off the point of Materillos (Cuba the Colombian goelette la Juanita and captured her after killing 26 men including her captain.

The Egyptian, Greek and Turkish navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 19 June 1823

Augsburg. 10 June. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published a tiding dated Constantinople 10 May according to which item the Porte and the Captain Pasha ordered that none ships were allowed to approach the Turkish fleet. The reason for this decision was the losses of earlier fleets caused by Greek fire ships flying false colours. The pasha of Egypt sent another 54 armed vessels with troops on board to be landed at Candia. Partly it were new European ships bought by him.

A tiding from Hydra dated 8 May mentioned the activities of the Greek flotillas capturing many prizes including some small Turkish vessels. They were prepared for the Turkish fleet commanded by the Captain Pasha.

The Algerian, Greek and Turkish navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 16 June 1823

Augsburg, 10 June. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published tidings from Trieste dated 1 June and Constantinople until 13 May according to which 12 ships of the Algerian squadron were captured by the Greek fleet and the Turkish fleet commanded by the Captain Pasha returned when this news became known.

Dutch 7th charter Bellona 1785-1796 and British 6th rate Vindictive 1796-1816

Rijksmuseum. Object no. NG-MC-307 (http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.244115).

The building of this 7th rate at the navy yard at Rotterdam for the Admiralty of the Maze was ordered on 6 December 1785 ordered to be built, launched on 20 March 1787. Built with the use of the design of Glavimans to be discussed with vice admiral Reinst and overseer Van Zwijndregt, on 2 May 1786 called Bellona, on 10 October 1786 ordered to put out ornaments for ƒ 400 to Maijstre, on 6 February 1687 authorized to buy wood for ‘beschietwerk’ and on 6 March 1787 ordered to be launched on 20 March Dimensions 121 3/11 x 33 3/11 x 12 9/11 and an armament of 20-24 guns. Commanding officers 1788-1790 captain H. Hartman, 1790 voyage to Ternate, Celebes, 1790-1792 lieutenant J.W. van Hamel, 1792 captain A.Th. Detmere, voyage to Channel, 1794 captain J. Rijnbende. In 1796 in the Saldanhay Bay captured by he British Royal Navy. In the latter commissioned as the 6th rate HMS Vindictive, stricken from the Navy List in 1810 and broken up at Sheerness, England in 1816. Dimensions in British service 112’ x 32‘, a 506 tons builders measurement and an armament of, 28 guns.

Sources
-Notes from and correspondence with the late Jan Glete, Stockholm, Sweden.
-Archive Admiraliteits Colleges XXXIX no. 115 (National Archive The Hague).
-Archive Admiraliteits Colleges no. 1082 (National Archive The Hague).
-Inventory archives of the Admiralties (National Archive The Hague).

Dock facilities at Algiers according to G.D. Urquhart’s Dues and charges of 1869

Thanks to the fact that nowadays more and more books are digitized we are able to read books that are some times for decades no longer available for the public for several reasons. That’s quite a pity while these books contains useful information while the archives are destroyed, incomplete or nor accessible. Of essential interest for navy and merchant ships was where in the world dock (yard) facilities were available for ordinary repairs or in case of emergency. The costs of using such a facility was of course also of interest and finally these information was of great value in times of war.

P. 49: “The only docks in the colony are those of Algiers. They are two in number. The first of these is not yet completed. It will, when finished, be capable of holding the largest man-of-war in the French navy. The second is intended for smaller vessels. In its present state the larger of the two would require little to complete

p. 50: it. The smaller of the two has already been. Used for the repairs of several merchant vessels. Its dimensions are 278 feet long, by 65 feet broad; but although no tide affects the elevation of the waters on the coast of Algeria, a variation, of which the maximum is two feet, does exist, and may be ascribed to wind, current, and surge; and when these three combine it is difficult, if not impossible, owing to their exposed position towards the north, to get a vessel into dock without the risk of damaging it in the attempt. The position of these docks, which are next to each other, is with reference to the town, due south, and with reference to the lighthouse they are S.S.W. These docks are the property of the French Government, and they are, whenever available, at the service of her Majesty’s navy, and that of every friendly power. They are likewise open to the mercantile marine of every nation, when they are not in use for Government purposes, and no charge has hitherto been made. The expense of pumping the docks dry is, as a matter of course, defrayed by the party using them. It amounts to about £20 for the smaller basin, which can be pumped out in two and a half hours. Four shillings may be set down as the average price of dockyard labour at Algiers; it varies, however, according to the nature of the work required to be performed. In detail the prices are: for a head workman 4s 10d per day, a head marine Labourer 3s 3d, an ordinary one 2s 10 d, a carpenter 3s 7d a common Labourer s2 0d, a Blacksmith 4s 0d and a diver, when diving apparatus is used 7s 3d. Materials for repairing ships are scarce, but for the British navy the French Admiralty would readily offer anything they had in their naval storehouses. For the mercantile marine, however, they would object to do so without a declaration from the Chamber of Commerce of Algiers that no materials such as those required can be had in the port or in the market. In such an emergency one-fifth more than the cost price would have to be paid for such materials. There are no floating docks or gridiron slips in this port or anywhere else on the coast of Algeria.”

Source
G.D. Urquhart. Dues and charges of shipping in foreign ports; a manual of reference for the use of shipowners, shipbrokers, & shipmasters. London, 1869.

French navy versus Spanish privateers according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 23 June 1823

Coast and the river of Genoa unsafe caused by 10 or 11 privateers including 4 armed with guns and 50-70 men on board and which all ready captured some French vessels. The Spanish ship captured 10 days ago by the frigate la Junon was at Marseille declared as a prize.(1)

Source
J. Vichot. Répertoire des navires de guerre francais. Paris, 1967.

Note
1. Ex-l'Amélie renamed 1814. On stocks 1807, launched 1808 and last mentioned 1842.

French merchant trade shipping at Port Vendres according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 21 June 1823

Perpignan, 8 June. The Spanish captured the Medes islands near Rosas making the passage from Port Vendres towards the Catalonian coast somehow dangerous. The two French small ships l'Heureux and la Jeune Fanny were 3 June captured by a Spanish brig but soon released. There were measures taken that none ships departed from Port Vendres without being escorted. The French vessels St. Barnabé and l'Etoile arrived in the end of May at Port Vendres and 1 June departed from Port Vendres the l'Arquebuese towards the Catalonian coast.

The Brazilian navy according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 23 June 1823

London. 17 June. Letters from Rio Janeiro dated 17 April reported the arrival of lord Cochrane there and taking over the command of the Brazilian fleet. He departed 1 April towards Bahia with a 78-gun ship of the line, 1 frigate, 2 corvettes and a brig. While Bahia received reinforcements Cochrane just intended to blockade the city waiting with an attack until another frigate and 2 fire ships reinforced him.

The Greek and Turkish navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 23 June 1823

Frankfurt, 18 June. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung of Augsburg published a tiding from Semlin dated 3 June that after the arrival of a Tartar at Belgrado rumours were spread that the pasha by his agents at Constantinople 29 May was informed that the Turkish fleet was severely harassed by the Greek fleet after leaving the Dardanelles. The Captain Pasha lost with a frigate and 3 brigs the contact with his fleet due to attack fire ships and was taken prisoner by the Greeks. Letters from Pesha mentioned that a traveller coming from Zevenbergen reported a tiding from Bucharest that the Turkish fleet suffered from a large disaster.

Movements of the Dutch E.I.C. ships and foreign ships in the Dutch East Indies in August 1699

The National Archive of Indonesia published on her website tables of contents of the so-called Daghregisters (Daily accounts) of the Castle Batavia, HR no. 2519. Unfortunately they are in Dutch. In those tables you can find for instance information about the ships arriving at and departing from Batavia (nowadays Djakarta). I extracted the movements of the ships and vessels owned by the E.I.C. The dates mentioned below in the text are the register dates. See also on this weblog the notes dealing with cargo capacities and individual ships.

Abbekerk, ship, arrived at Batavia coming from the Netherlands with a cargo valued ƒ 33789:04:08 30 August 1699
Beijer, ship, arrived at Batavia coming from the Netherlands and a cargo valued fl. 440169:07:08 28 August 1699
Concordia, ship, arrived at Batavia 20 August 1699
Coning van Bantam, yacht, destined towards Siam [Thailand] 21 August 1699
Eemland, yacht, destined towards Palembang 4 August 1699
Eenhoorn, ship, destined towards the Princen island 8 August 1699, departed Princen island towards Persia 8 August 1699
Emmenes, fluyt, departed Batavia towards the West Coast of Sumatra 15 August 1699
Gent, ship, destined to return to the Netherlands 11 August 1699
Handboogh, fluyt, arrived at Batavia coming from Bengal 2 August 1699, destined to return to the Netherlands 11 August 1699, departed Batavia towards Bantam for a cargo of pepper with on board 25.000 Spanish realen 20 August 1699, arrived at Batavia coming from Bantam with a cargo of 1.070 bharen pepper costs ƒ 53121:02:08 31 August 1699
Hartloper, frigate, departed Princen island towards Persia and Souratta 4 August 1699
Keulen, ship, departed Princen island towards Persia and Souratta 4 August 1699
's Landswelvaren, ship, chamber Amsterdam, arrived at Batavia coming from the Netherlands 2 August 1699, destined to return to the Netherlands 11 August 1699
Leeuwerk, galliot, departed Batavia via Punta Pedra and Coromandel towards Bengal and Mallebar 25 August 1699
Mackles Fliet, British ship, departed Batavia towards China 3 August 1699
Nierop, fluyt, departed Batavia towards Siam [Thailand] with 24 Javanese horse, cash and stored on board 12 August 1699
Nigtevegt, ship, arrived at Batavia coming via Cheribon from Tagal 18 August 1699
Overnes, fluyt, arrived at Batavia coming from the Netherlands with a cargo valued ƒ 177.043:17:08 25 August 1699
Peer, galliot, departed Batavia towards Cheribon with 7.500 rijksdaalders cash and stores valued ƒ 29.74931 August 1699
Purmer, arrived at Batavia coming from beams and sapan wood from Damak and Samarang 28 August 1699
Snobber, galliot, departed Batavia towards Cheribon 13 August 1699
Tambour, frigate, arrived at Batavia coming via Madagascar from cape of Good Hope 27 August 1699
Voorschoten, fluyt, departed Batavia towards Bantam for a cargo of pepper 9 August 1699, tiding of her arrival at Bantam 16 August 1699, arrived at Batavia coming Bantam with a cargo of pepper 21 August 1699
Waterman, ship, tiding of her arrival in Sunda Strait coming from the Netherlands 22 August 1699
Wijk op Zee, yacht, departed Batavia towards Japara and Samarang for a cargo of wood work and cotton 1 August 1699, arrived at Batavia coming from Japara 27 August 1699

The Egyptian navy ready for departure towards Candia according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 11 June 1823

Smirna, 10 May. The newspaper le Spectateur Oriental published a news item dated Alexandria 20 March according to which the flotilla of Mehemet-Ali was preparing for departure. It consisted of 30 ships including a magnificent frigate and to transport 7.000-8.000 men landing troops to Candia.

French experiment with bomb-guns according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 23 December 1824

Paris, France, 19 December. At Brest were very successful experiments with so called bomb-guns which shoot with a less arched elevation as mortars. Probably they were based on the flight of a rocket. It was expected that this invention was valuable for sea warfare especially for smaller vessels while attacking of defending against larger ships.

The Barbary States and Turkish navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 28 June 1823

Frankfurt, 23 June. The navy of the Barbary States was 2 May sighted cruising off Mytilene apparently waiting for the departure of the Turkish fleet to start with her operations.

The Greek navy seizing merchant ships off Patras according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 9 June 1823

Augsburg, 3 June. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published a news item dated Trieste 17 May. According to this item the 4 large Greeks ships cruising off Patras and while intending to return to the Archipelago sighted 14 ships flags of several countries loaded with war stores and victuals trying to enter Patras. Twelve ships including one of Alexandria, Egypt were seized and send to Missolunghi.

The Egyptian and Greek navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 27 December 1824

Augsburg, Germany, 18 December. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published a news item dated Trieste 8 December according to which the day before an Austrian vessel arrived at Hydra reporting that she was off cape St. Angelo, Morea visited by the Greek rear admiral Sachturi and asked to transport letters to Greek families at Hydra. One of these letters was written by Sachturi and dated Cape St. Angelo 21 November. According to this letter was the Egyptian fleet 12 November off Candia defeated and were 20 transports with troops on board captured.

French naval movements according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 5 June 1823

From Cartagena came the tiding that a French brigantine ordered to cruise off Valencia was stranded near St. Javier and when this became known two large ships left the harbour of Cartagena but found at their arrival the brigantine burnt. Her officers and crew (total 101 men) was taken prisoner by the militia of St. Javier and brought to Cartagena. It was the 18-gun le Zéphyr which departed Toulon 25 April.(1) Original source for this news item was the newspaper Le Constitutionnel.

According to a telegram left the brig le Zèbre (2) commanded by frigate captain de Gauville 29 May Toulon to join the squadron cruising off the coast of Catalan and Valencia. Origin source for this news item was the newspaper le Moniteur.

Source
J. Vichot. Répertoire des navires de guerre francais. Paris, 1967.

Notes
1. Built at Livorno 1813 and wrecked 3 March 1823.
2. Launched 1810, last mentioned 1847.

Dock facilities at San Sebastian, Spain according to G.D. Urquhart’s Dues and charges of 1869

The British and Greek navies in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 29 December 1824

Venice, Italy, 16 December. The British squadron in the Mediterranean seized 3 Greek warships and a Greek privateer and brought these ships towards Naples, Italy as a reprisal for what happened at Itaka. The privateer made abuse of his letter of marque while acting like a pirate. Her captain was condemned to 12 years, the super freighter to 5 and the sailors to 2 years. Unexpectedly however the order of London was dated 18 November to release the warships, the privateer and her crew and were they preparing to leave Naples.

The Turkish navy in the Levant according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 30 June 1823

Augsburg, 24 June. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published a tiding dated Constantinople 25 May according to the Captain Pasha since 4 May still was in the Dardanelles waiting for the Baïram-feast before departing.

Dutch frigate Zr. Ms. Bellona arrived at Willemsoord according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 21 December 1824

Nieuwe Diep, 27 December. The Dutch frigate Zr. Ms. Bellona (1) arrived that afternoon around 16.30 o’clock in the inner harbour of Willemsoord after 4 days voyage from Buiksloot included two days with heavy contrary winds.

Note
1. 2nd class, laid down at the naby yard of Amsterdam July 1819, launched on 1 October 1823, broken up in 1850, displacement 1.460 tons and armed with 44 guns.

The Algerian, Egyptian, Greek and Turkish navies in the Archipelago according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 29 May 1823

Augsburg, 22 May. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published a news item dated Constantinople according to which the Captain Pasha still didn't depart just still fitting out his fleet and saying that the departure was very soon to come. According to yet not confirmed rumours suffered the Egyptian and Algerian fleets which all ready departed towards the Archipelago severely from Greek attacks. Another news item dated Odessa 6 May mentioned that according to tidings from Constantinople dated until 1 May the Greek fleet of 80 armed vessels and 50 fire ships was waiting in the Archipelago for the Captain Pasha.

A Portuguese squadron at Maldonado according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 22 May 1823

Paris, 17 May. A Portuguese division of 4 large transports and a goelette of war were anchored at the roads of Maldonado waiting to embark the European troops of the former army of general Lescor. These troops now commanded by general Alvaro however refused to leave Montevideo while there was still a good relation between the city and the hinterland and all business and trade (including for foreign merchants) went on without problems protected by Alvaro with all means.

The Algerian, Egyptian, Greek and Turkish navies in the Mediterranean according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 22 May 1823

Augsburg, 15 May. The newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung published two news items dealing with the Algerian-Egyptian squadron.

Semian, 5 May. At Belgrade men was assured of the fatal faith of the Algerian-Egyptian squadron while also sovereign Milosch heard this news from his agents at Constantinople. The Turkish squadron commanded by the Captain Pasha still didn't leave the harbour of Constantinople, but the Greek fleet shouldn't be able to cause much damage to it.

Trieste, 7 May. According to tidings from Malta dated 29 April fought 3 Greek vessels in the waters of Algiers with Algerian vessels and shot two down and forced an Algerian frigate which left Algiers to help down to flee. A British vessel, which sighted the fight, reported it at Malta.

The Turkish navy at Constantinople according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 15 April 1825

Constantinople, 10 March. The latest fire in Tophana near Pera was probably set by the Janitsars being dissatisfied with the rumours that they were soon to be embark on board of the fleet which was assured to depart 1 April towards the Archipelago.

The navy dockyard at Devonport according to the Dockyard Politics and Patronage of 1854

Thanks to the fact that nowadays more and more books are digitized we are able to read books that are some times for decades no longer available for the public for several reasons. That's quite a pity while these books contains useful information while the archives are destroyed, incomplete or nor accessible.

P. 9: “Devonport, formerly called Plymouth Dock, is situate on the side of a magnificent basin formed by the river Tamar, called the Bay of Hamoaze, 4 miles long and nearly 2 broad. Its importance, as a site for Naval purposes, was not fully

p. 10: estimated until the reign of George II. The Dockyard extends 3500 feet along the shore, and its width in the middle is 1600 feet, including an area of 96 acres. There is sufficient depth of water along the wharfs to allow the largest war ships to range along the jetties, and receive their Ordnance Stores immediately from the yard. There are two dry docks for ships of the first rate, and a double and single dock for ships of the line. A canal, 70 feet wide, called the Camber, communicating with the boat-pond, runs nearly through the yard, to which stores are thus conveyed. On the northern side are three slips for the building of vessels of the largest size, and two for those of a smaller class. Adjoining these is a building in which planks of wood are steamed and curved. Here also are the outer mast-pond and mast-houses, timber berths, saw-pits, and an extensive smithery containing 48 forges, in a building 210 feet square. Higher up, are mast-ponds, hemp magazines, and a very fine ropery, consisting of two ranges of buildings, one the laying house, the other the spinning house, each 1200 feet long, and three stories high. The rope-house is constructed almost entirely of iron. Cables are made here, 25 inches in circumference and, 100 fathoms long, weighing nearly six tons. On the northern side, in addition to the sheds and workshops of the different artificers, is a quadrangular range of handsome stone buildings, including an area of 450 feet by 300, within which space are two ranges of buildings constructed of iron, which contain magazines for different sorts of stores, rigging-houses, and sail-lofts. The immense arched roofs over the docks are spans without a buttress, and are extraordinary specimens of architectural skill. A steam-engine of 18-horse power is used for pumping the docks; and there is another of 20-horse power employed in working turning-lathes, saw-mills, &c. The number of persons of every class employed in this Dockyard, is about 3000, all under the control of the Superintendent. Of these the workmen authorised as the regular establishment are

p. 11: 2158, for whose wages the Parliamentary vote in 1853 was £ 114,258. The other annual expenses of the yard were estimated at £ 30,000, and a sum of £ 15,000 was also given for repairs and improvements.”

Source
Dockyard Politics and Patronage: a collection of memoranda to assist future enquiries. London, 1854.

How to be assure of enough sailors for the British navy according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 27 August 1852

A commission of flag officers and captains was installed at the Naval Department at London to discuss the measures needed to be taken to be assure of enough qualified sailors despite under which circumstances. The morning newspaper Herald suspected that the Duke of Northumberland now head of the British navy threw away this plan of his predecessor while promising the Parliament to come with a definite solution. The problem was what to do to be assure that England wooden parapet [=ships] was filled up with guards alive [=sailors] without needing the notorious system of the pressgang. The plan of his predecessor was approved by the Parliament according to which sailors of the merchant trade shipping were invited to sign on in reserve service while being paid a certain amount of black market money. If necessary they had to leave immediately their ships and to report by the nearest British commanding navy officer.

The Brazilian navy versus the Portuguese navy according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 16 June 1823

Rio Janeiro, 18 March. Lord Cochrane arrived with a 16-gun brig and started the negotiations dealing with the supreme command of the Brazilian navy with the negotiations and visited 17 March together with the emperor all ships. The same day a complete embargo for war- and merchant ships was announced. An expedition towards Bahia was fitted out and consisted of one ship of the line, 4 frigates and a corvette. The naval force of the Portuguese consisted of 1-80 gun ship of the line, 1 frigate, 1 corvette and 6 vessels armed with at least 20 guns, all fitted out and supported by the fortress of Bahia. The fleet is since 6 March at sea and sailing towards an addition of another 2.000 men coming from Lisbon. Another much larger addition escorted by the San Sebastian was also expected. Original source was the newspaper Gazette de France.

The British, Greek and Turkish navies in the Levant versus Greek pirates according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 25 June 1823

London, 21 June. Lloyds received a letter from Zante dated 6 May according to which the Greek blockade of the Bay of Patras and Corinthe was ended since 20 April and that the government of the Ionian islands supplied health certificates for Patras. Despite the cruising of a Turkish squadron between Zante and Patras the passage was still unsafe due to some pirates which all ready captured some sloops flying Ionian and Austrian flags. Until now none British ships was harassed and the British warships in these waters did their utmost best.

Tuesday, 10 December 2013

The Japanese warship Kanrin Maru visiting San Francisco according to the The Scientific American dated 21 April 1860

Thanks to the fact that nowadays more and more books are digitized we are able to read books that are some times for decades no longer available for the public for several reasons. That’s quite a pity while these books contains useful information while the archives are destroyed, incomplete or nor accessible.

P. 260: “The Japanese steam corvette, Candinmarruh, arrived at San Francisco on March 17th, 37 days from Jeddo. This corvette is the first native vessel ever permitted to leave the shores of Japan. It brings the information that the Japanese embassy was to leave for the United States, on the Powhattan, on February 11th.(1) The corvette is 250 tuns burthen, carries 10 guns, and her crew consists of 57 men. The people of San Francisco are delighted with the arrival of the Japanese, and are doing everything in their power to entertain their visitors, hoping thereby to stimulate the lucrative trade already commenced with Japan. A San Francisco writer, who visited the vessel, says: “The Candinmarruh sails pretty well, having made about 200 miles in one day. She was built in Holland for the Japanese emperor, and was sent out in her present condition about three years ago. She cost $70,000. This is one of several steamers composing the Japanese navy. She is the first one that has left the country for a foreign port. The Japanese sailors are au fait in all the usual work pertaining to the duties of a seafaring life. The boatswain is as thoroughly up in his work as any man could be in any service. There is no kind of sailor work that he does not thoroughly understand, and can also manage his men in a ship-shape manner. The crew run aloft and take in sail with the utmost alacrity. There were no punishments of any kind inflicted on the crew; everything going pleasantly and easily from the first. The government on board is mild and humane. The science of navigation is thoroughly understood among the officers, who learned it from the Dutch at the school of Nagasaki. We were received at the gangway by a marine wearing the uniform of the Japanese navy, viz: dark worsted material, consisting of frock and trowsers, with wooden sandals. Stepping upon the spar deck, we were at once struck with the neatness and order which everywhere reigned. The marines have a large square patch between their shoulders, upon which their peculiar rank is written in Japanese characters. We were introduced to the admiral. He is a benign, benevolent looking man, about 40 years of age. When we entered he was having his hair most artistically dressed with oils and pomatum, by one of his servants. Soon after, he appeared on deck, dressed in an unassuming but gentlemanly costume. At his side hung two swords, resembling ataghans. The officers on board a Japanese ship, from lieutenant up, are called ‘two-sword officers,’ and entitled by rank to wear two swords. These weapons are keenly sharp pointed, and beautifully polished. We noticed in the admiral’s cabin a picture of President Buchanan. The Japanese national Hag is displayed on board the ship at the mainmast and in the bows. This is a white groundwork with a red ball in the center. The admiral's flag floats from the mizen.”

Source
Scientific American. A journal of practical information in art, science, mechanics, agriculture, chemistry, and manufactures.

Note
1. This must be the Kanrin maru, bought by Japan in 1857. In 1990 was a replica built of the ship which was lost in a typhoon in 1871. See for more details dealing with this ship the link Kanrin Maru

The American navy magazine and ordnance works at Norfolk according to the Senate executive documents 1857-1858

French naval gunfire near San Sebastian according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 23 July 1823

The newspaper l’Etoile published an item dated San Sebastian 10 July according to which the day before around 14.00 o’clock heavy gunfire could be heard caused by a French frigate and a corvette. According to some rumours they sighted some small Spanish vessels which fled. According t other rumours the gunfire was a signal [without telling the purpose].

Dutch commandeur in the Greenland whale-fishery Arent Barentsz Kam in 1700

Sailed in 1700 for director Marten Meyer at Jisp with as results 2 whales and 80 barrels whale-blubber.

Source
Gerret van Sante, broker at Zaandam. Alphabetische Naam-Lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davissche Commandeurs, die zedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland, en zedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis, voor Holland en andere Provincien hebben gevaaren. Haarlem, 1770. This book also contains hand written notes for the period 1770-1794.

Dutch commandeur in the Davis Strait whale-fishery Hendrik Potter 1742

In the next years I intended to supply more biographical details dealing with this commandeur and his director(s) and the ships he commanded. Sailed for director Hendrik de Haan at Amsterdam with as total results ½ whale, 30 barrels whale blubber and 44 quardelen train oil.

Source
Gerret van Sante, broker at Zaandam. Alphabetische Naam-Lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davissche Commandeurs, die zedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland, en zedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis, voor Holland en andere Provincien hebben gevaaren. Haarlem, 1770. This book also contains hand written notes for the period 1770-1794.

Spanish naval movements in South American waters according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 2 September 1820

Madrid, 17 August. According to a letter published in the newspaper Moniteur dated Cadiz 6 August arrived the frigate Primorosa Marina after a voyage of 125 days coming from Lima and Guayaquil. Her captain reported that when he left the harbour of Lima the corvette Sebastiana and two brigs of war stayed behind. The frigates Esmeralda and Venganza were underway to Guayaquil to join the la Pruba which latter however departed that port to go to Lima. Dealing with the Telmo was none news available.

Movements of the Dutch E.I.C. ships and foreign ships in the Dutch East Indies in June 1700

The National Archive of Indonesia published on her website tables of contents of the so-called Daghregisters (Daily accounts) of the Castle Batavia, HR no. 2520. Unfortunately they are in Dutch. In those tables you can find for instance information about the ships arriving at and departing from Batavia (nowadays Djakarta). I extracted the movements of the ships and vessels owned by the E.I.C. The dates mentioned below in the text are the register dates. See also on this weblog the notes dealing with cargo capacities and individual ships.

Abbekerk, ship, departed Batavia towards Japan 27 June 1700
Andromeda, ship, arrived at Batavia coming from Banda 17 June 1700
Casteel Batavia, ship, arrived at Batavia coming from Banda 17 June 1700
Donkervliet, arrived at Batavia coming from Amboina 4 June 1700, departed Batavia towards Japan 27 June 1700
Dorrel, British ship, arrived at Batavia 10 June 1700, departed Batavia towards China 20 June 1700
Eemland, yacht, being worn out decided to sell her to the most offering 8 June 1700
Faam, arrived at Batavia coming from Amboina 4 June 1700
Gaspel, British ship, departed Batavia via Malacca towards Sukapoura 26 June 1700
Geregtigheijt, chialoup, arrived at Batavia coming from Macassar 27 June 1700
Hartloop, frigate, departed Batavia towards Pamanoekan and Tsiassem for a cargo of wood 18 June 1700, ordered to return after her tiding was received that at both locations none wood was available 28 June 1700
Herderinne, small yacht, arrived at Batavia coming from Banda 15 June 1700IJsselt, fluyt, destined towards Coromandel 29 June 1700
Lek, ship, departed [from Cape of Good Hope?] 19 June 1700Langewijck, fluyt, departed Batavia towards the East Coast of Java 22 June 1700
Leeuwerk, galliot, arrived at Batavia coming from Bengal with letters and a cargo of wax 6 June 1700, departed Batavia towards Tsiassem and Pamanoekan 21 June 1700, destined towards Cheribon 28 June 1700
Nederland, schip, arrived at Batavia coming from Indramajoe 13 June 1700
Nierop, fluyt, departed Batavia towards Tagal 16 June 1700
Oestgeest, ship, tiding of her arrival in Sunda Strait coming from the Netherlands 9 June 1700, arrived at Batavia 10 June 1700
Peter en Paul, frigate, arrived at Batavia coming from Cape of Good Hope 19 June 1700
Pool, small frigate, destined towards Bengal 29 June 1700
Purmer, yacht, departed Batavia towards Cheribon for a cargo of timber 3 June 1700
Schoonderloo, fluyt, arrived at Batavia coming from Coromandel 11 June 1700
Sion, ship, arrived at Batavia coming from Bantam 10 June 1700
Susanna, small yacht, destined towards Malacca 29 June 1700, the governor and board at Malcca were ordered to sent her as soon as possible back with a cargo of tin 30 June 1700
Swaag, fluyt, destined towards Bengal 2 June 1700
Theron Freguat, British yacht, arrived at Batavia coming from Samarang 10 June 1700
Wentworth, British ship, departed Batavia towards China 20 June 1700
Westhoven, ship, departed Batavia towards Japan 27 June 1700

Russian general cargo vessel Kovera 1995-

Schelde off Vlissingen, Netherlands 10 December 2013

Russia-flagged, homeport Bolshoy port of St. Petersburg, IMO 9119622, RS no. 940966, MMSI 273338000 and callsign UAVB. Gross international tonnage 1.596 tons, net international tonnage 831 tons, displacement 3.225 tons. summer deadweight 2.300 tons and as dimensions 77,83 (between perpendiculars)-81,34 (over all) x 11,58 (over all) x 4,22 x 5,40 (depth) metres. Built on 15 June 1995 at the Schiffswerft Bodenwerder, Bodenwerder, Germany with hull no. 10530. Speed 11,40 knots. Owned by Neva Shipping and managed by Orion Shipping, both of St. Petersburg, Russia.

Dutch patrol vessel RWS 78 2011-

Schelde off Flushing, Netherlands 10 December 2013

Netherlands-flagged, IMO 9479137, MMSI 246586000 and callsign PBSM. Gross tonnage 79 tons and as dimensions 22,18 (between perpendiculars)-23,95 (over all0 x 5,64 x 1,32 x 2,95 (hold) metres, Speed 24,16 knots, Total horsepower 1.300 kW at 1.800 rpm. Usable as commando vessel during calamities on the Westerschelde. Launched on 20 February 2011 by De Haas Scheepsbouwwerf, Maassluis, Netherlands with yard number 1023. Baptized on 30 June 2011 by Mrs. Carla Peijs.

Dutch trailing suction hopper dredger Willem van Oranje 2010-

Schelde off Flushing, Netherlands 8 December 2013

Cyprus-flagged, homeport Limassol, IMO 9449065, MMSI 210621000 and callsign 5BVU3. Gross tonnage 13.917 tons, summer deadweight 21.200 tons and as dimensions 143.53 (over all) x 28,00 x 8,00 (maximum Int. load line)-10,00 (maximum dredging load line) x13,50 (moulded depth) metres. Carrying capacity around 22.000 tons. Hopper capacity 12.000 cubic metres. Maximum dredging depth around 62.00 metres. Speed (loaded) 15,4 knots. Built in 2010 by IHC Dredgers, Kinderdijk, Netherlands. Owned and managed by Royal Boskalis Westminster, Papendrecht, Netherlands.

Russian bulk carrier Nimertis 2013-

Schelde off Flushing, Netherlands 10 December 2013

Liberia-flagged, homeport Monrovia, IMO 9650999, MMSI 636015990 and callsign D5DW6. Gross tonnage 17.070 tons, summer deadweight 28.396 tons and as dimensions 16.14 (over all) x 27 x 9,1819 metres. Grain cubic 1.318 cubic feet. Five holds and 4-30.5mt cranes. Peed 13,4-14 knots. Built in 2013 at the IS Shipyard, Imabari, Japan.Owned by Iris Shipping, St. Petersburg, Russia and managed by Commercial Shipping&Trading, Athens, Greece.

Dutch brig of war Cachelot 1844-1871

Rijksmuseum.Sustainable URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.244187

This beautiful half model is of the Dutch 1st class 12-gun brig of war Cachelot built at the navy yard at Flushing by A.E. Tromp. She was to be armed with 12-30pd grenade guns. With a displacement of 499,5 Dutch tons were her dimensions 30,5 (between perpendiculars on loading line) x 9,5 (inner hull) x 4,0 (draught fore)-4,3 (draught aft) x 4,71 (hold) metres. According to a list dealing with the navy yards and the projects dated 1 January 1845 was this 12-gun brig new model just completed for 3/20 in stead of the obliged 5/20 according to the work orders for 1844. In 1845 she was to be completed for 7/20.(1) In the newspaper Goessche Courant editions dated 5 and 9 February 1846 called a 1st class 12 gun brig still being built. The edition dated 6 January 1848 still described her as uncompleted. The Zierikzeesche courant dated Wednesday 2 July 1851 reported that she was launched on the Saturday before. The Middelburgsche Courant dated 27 November 1854 reported something unexpectedly. In the Parliament was the navy budget for 1855 discussed. An especially appointed commission reported that the cabinet did not much to improve the fleet which apparently was in a position of decay. Another remark was that what the budget claimed not agreed with the reality. A list dated no. 44 1 July 1854 reported that the Cachelot was nearly completed. Now was explicit reported that she like three other ships (2) were built according to a wrong design and now to be completed but if necessary to be taken part and replaced by ships built according to new designs. The edition dated 22 September 1857 reported that due to a Royal decision dated the 17th she was destined for the Dutch East Indies and to be commissioned on 16 October. Het etat-major consisted of captain-lieutenant A.F. Siedenburg, 1st lieutenant J.J.A.D. Phaff (1st officer), 2nd lieutenants H.J. baron van Boecop, H.H. baron van Reede van Oudsthoorn and jhr. J.H.P. von Schmidt auf Altenstadt, officer of health 2nd class H.E. Thepass, officer of administration 2nd class J.W. van der Wulp and shipping clerk F.T. Courier dit Dubikart. The edition dated 17 October reported her departure in begin November. Three days later was the date 1 November mentioned. On the 10th was reported that she passed on 11.00 o’clock on the 2nd the lighthouse off Dungeness. She was an excellent sail ship with a speed of 10 miles although she behaved like a real whale keeping ‘her head’ below the water surface. The Java-bode dated 10 February 1871 reported that she was sold on an auction at Surabaya, Dutch East Indies for ƒ 8.000 on the morning of the 4th to mr. Nicolaï. She was described as condemned.

Notes
1. Kamerstuk Tweede Kamer 1844-1845 no. XXI VIIII sub no. 22 dealing with the navy budgets for 1846 and 1846. Municipality archive Vlissingen, archive of the town no. 5533 reported that she was laid down on 4 September 1844. The Vlissingse Courant reported that on Wednesday 4 September 1844 the keels were laid down of a brig and a schooner [Adder]. B.J. Tideman mentioned in his Memoriaal van de Marine (published 1876-1880) that she was built in 1852 with a displacement of 546 tons and as dimensions 31,50 x 9,50 x 4,50 metres and an armament of 10 guns. In his Verhandeling over de scheepsbouwkunde als wetenschap (published 1859) he wrote that the weight of her war stores was 39 tons and the costs of being completely fitted out ƒ 162.000. According to several documents varied her crew numbers. For instance on 1 January 1858 were 111 men on board, 1 January 1868 96 (78 Europeans and 18 natives) and was ordered she should have 100 (including 18 natives). The Verhandelingen en berigten betrekkelijk het zeewezen, vol. 27 reported that while part of the Indische Militaire Marine on 1 July 1868 her armament consisted of 2 long 12 pd guns and 8 medium 30pd guns. She was on 1 January that same year handed over by the Royal Netherlands Navy to the Indische Militaire Marine, the latter naval force especially active in the Dutch East Indies. August Elize Tromp (12 March 1801 Zierikzee-10 June 1871 Hilversum), chief constructor for the Royal Netherlands Navy finally dismissed on 5 December 1866.
2. The other ships involved were according to list no. 42 and of which the building was continued were the frigate Prinses Sophia, the corvette Java and the brig Zeepaard. One Parliament paper (Kamerstuk Tweede Kamer 1854-1855 no. II VIII sub no. 107) even supplied more details. The four involved ships were built using the original plans of the British captain sir William Symonds. However in the practice it became clear that British and already some Dutch warships (frigate Prins Hendrik, corvette Sumatra and the brig Zeehond) built according to those plans were expensive to be built en in fact hardly possessed any good qualities as a warship. That was the reason that the building stopped of the four ships. The ships were to be broken up and the usable parts to be used for new ships using other designs. In fact was this intention not executed. Sir William Symonds (24 September 1782 Burt St. Edmunds-30 March 1856 on board of the French steamship in the Strait of Bonifacio off Sardinia. Retired in 1856 and appointed into the rank of rear admiral. Served in the British Royal Navy between 1794 and 1856 including becoming Surveyor of the Navy on 9 June 1832. He was not undisputed for his experimental manner of shipbuilding/designing. In 1844-1846 started the Board of Admiralty with tests to prove his designs were in fact failures. The results although not complete a failure caused his resigning in October 1847.

The Egyptian squadron still at by plague harassed Alexandria according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 24 July 1823

Retimo, 15 May. The plague harassed Alexandria including on board of more as 20 European ships belonging to several different countries. The flotilla of Mehemed-Ali was still waiting for troops before departing towards Candia.

The French navy in action against pirates off Scopoli according to the Nederlandsche Staatscourant dated 21 and 22 October 1824

Smirna, 2 September. The French ship la Jeune Rose Melanie which left Salonica towards Alexandria was off Scopoli attacked by pirates. From her master was 6.000 piasters stolen, 6 Turkish passengers taken prisoner and afterwards were her master and sailors tied up and a hole in the bottom of the ship drilled causing her sinking and drowning of her crew. Just one sailor managed to escape and arrived safely at Smirna informing there the French consul. Captain Droualt stationed in the Levant left immediately with the frigate la Galatée and the goelette l’Amarante to search for the pirates with on board the only survivor of the merchant ship namely the second captain Bonis.

The Spanish warship Mino arriving with a valuable cargo at Cadiz 1814

In the Amsterdamsche Mercurius of 1814 was interesting news item published. From Cadiz came the news dated 18 January dealing with the arrival of the warship Mino. On board of this ship was the most valuable cargo ever arrived at Cadiz. From Veracruz 3.624.466 Mexican dollars and 157.153 provincial species, 245 silver bars, 32.295 lingots (each of 8 once), 257 sacks cochineal, 23 (?) sacks indigo and 19 cases Banille(?). From Havana 81.985 Mexican dollars en 11.025 provincial species, 3481 once gold and a large quantity of tobacco, coffee and so on.

Source
Jan Ruysendaal at Amsterdam published The Amsterdamsche Mercurius, part 10.

Thursday, 12 December 2013

Wednesday, 11 December 2013

Tuesday, 10 December 2013

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