Italy-flagged, MMSI 247150600 and call sign IADO. With the Caio Duilio part of the Andrea Doria-sub class of the Franco-Italian Orizzonte or Horizon-class preceded by the French Suffren- and Italian Durand de la Penne-classes. Ordered on 27 October 2000, laid down by Fincantieri, Riva Trigoso shipyards on 19 July 2002, launched on 14 October 2006 and commissioned on 22 December 2007. Bias towards anti-aircraft warfare.
Active-class scout cruisers. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Bristol light cruiser. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Arethusa-class light cruisers (1913). ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Hawkins-class heavy cruisers. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Town-class Bristol-sub class light cruiser preceded by Topaze- and Active-classes and succeeded by Hawkins- and Arethusa (1913)-classes. Ordered under the 1908-1909 Programme. Laid down by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick, England on 14 April 1909, launched on 25 November 1909, commissioned on 20 September 1910 and sold to be broken up on 9 May 1921.
The Commissioner of the United States at Riga, Latvia supplied the Secretary of State at Washington, USA on 23 February 1922 more details about the condition of Russian warships. Part of Cruiser Squadron of the Baltic Fleet. Seriously damaged during the Red Forces bombardment of Kronstadt. Was dry docked and partly repaired but still were her boilers in bad condition. Her main armament was in good order. Her other guns were all removed and used for land operations.(1)
Note
1. Armoured cruiser. Preceded by Bayan-class. Laid down by Vickers, Sons&Maxim, England on 22 August 1905, launched on 17 November 1906, completed in September 1909, decommissioned in October 1918, stricken on 1 November 1923 and broken up between 1924-1925.
Source
Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1910-29. Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: 861.30 .(861.31 Naval Maneuvers; 851.32 Personnel); 861.33 Movements of Navy Vessels; 861.34 Equipment and Supplies): 861.39 - 861.345. Micro film 316 roll 92.
The American Embassy at St. Petersburg, Russia wrote on 29 September 1910 to the Secretary of State at Washington, USA that the personnel strength of the Russian Navy would number on 1/14 January 1912 47,215 lower ratings, 5,000 increase compared with the preceding year.
Source
Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1910-29. Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: 861.30 .(861.31 Naval Maneuvers; 851.32 Personnel); 861.33 Movements of Navy Vessels; 861.34 Equipment and Supplies): 861.39 - 861.345. Micro film 316 roll 92.
,_KCB,_CMG,_CVO,_DSO'.jpg)
Sketch of Vice Admiral Sir Roger Keyes (1872–1945), KCB, CMG, CVO, DSO, by the British painter Glyn Warren Philpot, 1918.
Courtesy of the collection of the Imperial War Museums.
The American Consulate at Valetta, Malta wrote the US State of Secretary on 10 January 1928 No. 223 that the British Mediterranean Fleet under admiral Sir George Keyes was to depart from Malta on 16 January for exercises and afterwards to be splitted into divisions for a cruise to the Levant. The entire fleet was to reassemble at Malta on 2 February. The battleships HMS Queen Elizabeth (2) and Warspite (2) which were the flagships of the commander-in-chief and the second-in-command were to arrive at Port Said, Egypt on 21 January, to leave there on 29 January arriving 2 February at Malta.
Notes
1. Roger John Brownlow Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes (4 October 1872 Punjab, British India-26 December 1945 Tingewick, United Kingdom). served in the Royal Navy between 1885-1935 and 1940-1941 ending his career in the rank of Admiral of the Fleet.
2. Queen Elizabeth-class, consisted of the Queen Elizabeth, Malaya, Warspite, Valiant, Barham, Malaya and the in 1914 cancelled Agincourt. Preceded by the Iron Duke-class and succeeded by the Revenge-class. Pennant 00. Laid down at the HM Dockyard Portsmouth, England on 21 October 1912, launched on 16 October 1913, completed in January 1914, commissioned on 22 December 1914, rebuilt in 1926-1927 and 1937-1941, reserve since August 1945, stricken on 7 July 1948, sold to Arnott Young and broken up at Dalmuir in July 1948. Building costs 3.014.103 pond sterling.
3. Pennant 03. Part of Queen Elizabeth-class, preceded by Iron Duke-class succeeded by Revenge-class. Ordered in 1912, laid down by HM Dockyard, Devonport, England on 31 October 1912, launched on 26 November 1913, commissioned on 8 March 1915, modernised mid-1930s, decommisssioned on 1 February 1945, stricken on 19 April 1947 and sold to be broken up in 1947.
Source
National Archives. Record Group 64: Records of the National Archives and Records AdministrationSeries: Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Great Britain. Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: 841.315 THRU 841.31553 THRU Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: Movement of Naval Vessels: 841.33 - 841.3311/64. Microcopy 580 roll 92.
Zr.Ms. Atjeh. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Of the Atjeh-class protected cruiser or screw steamships 1st class preceded by the Zilveren Kruis-class. The first design dated from 1874 in which a ship was described of 72.00 (between perpendiculars)-11.32 x 5.66 metres and a displacement of 2,345 tons. The final design dated from 18 December 1874. The dimensions were now 70,00 (between perpendiculars)-92.00 (over all) x 12.50 x 10.00 (hold) x 5.56 (fore maximum)-6.10 (aft maximum) metres and a load displacement of 3,180 tons.Eight ships were planned of which 6 were completed (Atjeh 1875-1877, Tromp 1875-1882, Koningin Emma der Nederlanden 1876-1880, De Ruyter 1879-1885, Van Speyk 1880-1887 and Johan Willem Friso 1883-1880) and 2 lost by fire (Kortenaer 1882-1883), Doggersbank 1881-1883), all built by the Rijkswerf, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Dimensions 90.00 (between perpendiculars)-97.10 (over all) x 15.00 (maximum outside woden hull) x 8.18 (hold) x draught loaded 6.00 (fore)-6.70 (aft) metres and displacement 4,350 tons. Copy sent to the Hoofingenieur Adviseur voor Scheepsbouw on 5 January 1884. *1)
Note
1. In description of drawing are the dimensions specified as 97.10 x 15 x 8.18 metres, displacement 4,350 tons. Single screw.
Source
Het Scheepvaartmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands drawing 524735
Duncan-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
A personal telegram dated London, England 23 August 1910 sent Mr. Mathews export representative of the Bethehem Steel Company to C.M. Schwab (1) reported that the British firm Sir Armstrong, Whitworth&Co. tried to secure an appointment of new commission in their favor since the arrangement that our material must be inspected by our government. Asked was to put some pressure on the Turkish government by the US Secretary of State. The good news was that the (Turkish) Naval Commission accepted the tender and that we demanded the lowest price. A source claimed that the British cabinet tried to sell the Exmouth (2) and Russell (3) to Turkey. Both battleships of 14,000 ton, a length of 405 feet, a speed of 18.6-19.3 knots, completed between 1903-1904 and armed with 4-12” guns, 12-6” guns, 12-12pd guns and 8 small guns. The telegram ended with the words “Bring all pressure to bear”. A copy of the telegram was on 25 August delivered by Mr. Archie Johnston of the same firm to Huntington Wilson (4) of the Department of State
Notes
1. Charles Michael Schwab (18 February 1862 Williamsbrug, Pennsylvania, USA-18 September 1939 New York City, New Yortk, USA)), steel magnate and leader of Bethlehem Shipbuilding and Steel Company since 1903.
2. Part of Duncan-class pre-dreadnoughts preceded by London-class succeeded by King Edward VII-class, laid down by Laid Brothers, Birkenhead, England on 10 August 1899, launched on 31 August 1901, completed in May 1903, commissioned on 2 June 1903, decommissioned in April 1919 and sold to be broken up on 15 January 1920.
3. Part of Duncan-class pre-dreadnoughts preceded by London-class succeeded by King Edward VII-class, laid down by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company, Jarrow, England on 11 March 1899, launched on 19 February 1901, completed in February 1903, commissioned on 19 February 1903 and sunk after hitting a mine laid by a German submarine off Malta on 27 April 1916.
4. Francius Mairs Huntington Wilson (15 December 1875 Chicago, Illinois, USA-31 December 1946 New Haven, Connecticut, USA) was US Assistant Secretary of State between 1900-1913.
PS 66. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Operated by the Maritime Safety Board. Length about 121.6 feet
German Admiral Graf Spee original appearance. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
German Admiral Graf Spee disguised appearance. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
An item reported that the 10,086 tons cargo ship ss Doric Star (1) loaded with general and refrigerated cargo departed Capetown, South Africa on 28 November bound for Freetown, Sierra Leone was reported as being by artillery fire from a battleship 600 miles east south east of St. Helena in the afternoon of 2 December and presumed to be lost.(1)
Notes
1. Launched by Lithgows, Port Glasgow, Scotland with yard number 731 on 24 February 1921, completed in 1922, taken into service as Doricstar in 1922, renamed Doric Star in 1929 and sunk on 2 December 1939 after leaving Auckland, New Zealand in November 1939.
2. She was destroyed by the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee and not by her sister ship Admiral Scheer. Part of Of the Deutschland-class panzerschiffe, nicknamed pocket battleships by the Allied forces, later classified as heavy cruisers preceded by the Admiral Hipper-class. Main armament 2x3-28cm/11” guns, on fore and aft ship one turret. Building ordered as the Ersatz Braunschweig. Laid down on the Reichmarinewerft, Wilhelmshaven, Germany with yard number 125 on 1 October 1932, launched on 30 June 1934, commissioned on 6 January 1936, successful in destroying 50.089 gross tonnage of merchant ships, participated in the Battle of the Rio de La Plata on 13 December 1939 and finally scuttled to prevent capture on 17 December1939. Her captain was mislead believing that a large Allied naval force was approaching which was not true. Despite being damaged in the battle was she still superior to the Allied ships waiting outside Montevideo, Uruguay who were far more damaged. She was however lacking enough ammunition and had severe problems while the oil purification and desalination plants destroyed.
Sources
The National Archives, Kew Gardens, England CAB-66-4-1 Weekly Résumé (No. 14) of the naval, military and air situation from 12 noon 30 November to 12 noon 7 December 1939.
Lloyd’s Register 1939-1940.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships dated Berlin 22 May 1944. Yard at Varna, Bulgaria. Date building ordered 22 December 1941. Date completion unknown due to transport and labour problems allowing a future maximum completion of 1-2 Kriegsfischkutters possible.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 152.
An item reported the departure on 19 November from the Simon’s Bay by the American whaler Murcia, master P. Butler for whaling.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships by German shipyards in July 1944. Type XXIII. Yard Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Yard number 503. Date building ordered 28 October 1943. Date completion 20 October 1944. Remarks none.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 147.
An item reported the departure on 12 October from the Simon’s Bay of the American whaler Edward, master E.S. Ray for whaling.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships by German shipyards in July 1944. Type XXIII. Yard Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Yard number 502. Date building ordered 28 October 1943. Date completion 17 October 1944. Remarks none.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 147.
Gross tonnage 1,416 ton. Underway from Port Arthur to Shanghai. Type cargo none. Captured 12 miles from Chefoo on 19 December 1904. Final appeal rejected. Sold by Japanese government to Kobe owners and renamed Otowas Maru. The war between the Russian and Japanese empires was between 8 February 1904-5 September1905. .
Source
Official history (Naval and Military) of the Russo-Japanese War. Vol. II. Liao Yang, the Sha Ho, Port Arthur. Prepared by the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. London, 1912.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Length 48.6 feet. Operated by the Maritime Safety Board
An item dated Amsterdam, Netherlands 14 October reported the arrival at Texel, Netherlands on 12 October of the Dutch Greenland commandeur Hendrik Broertjes 1 whale 45 quardelen.
Type brig. Master W. Sime. Tonnage 282 tons. Built at Leith in 1817. Owner R. Oliphant&Co. Port where registered Kirkaldy[ Kircaldy]. Robert Oliphant (1765-1832), director of the Greenland Fishing Co.
Source
List of the shipping registered in the different ports of Scotland. Glasgow, 1821.
Brin-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Brin-class preceded by Archimede-class succeeded by Liuzzi-class. Laid down by Tosi, Taranto, Italy on 23 December 1937, launched on 26 March 1939, delivered on 7 May 1939, scuttled after a fight with the British destroyers HMS Kandahar, Khartoum and Kingston and the sloop Shoreham in the Red Sea on 23 June 1940 and stricken on 18 October 1946.
As Weserland. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
In a letter dated 13 April 1942 No. 1329 to the O.K.M./1 Abteilung Skl. was the so-called ‘Etappen’-organisation of the navy described. In the attachment were the blockade runners decribed used for this purpose. Ms Ermland. Not loaded. Left Takao on 28 July 1940. Arrived at Kobe, Japan on 5 August 1940. Transfer.(1)
Note
1. Call sign DIRJ. Launched by Blohm&Voss, Hamburg, Germany with yard number 414 on 18 February 1922, commissioned on 92 August 1922, blockade runner since 1940, rename Weserland in 191, left Yokohama, Japan on 26 October 1943 and sunk by the American destroyer USS Somers on 2 January 1944 between Ascension and the Brazilian coast. Gross tonnage 6,528 ton, under deck 6,121 ton, net tonnage 3,802 ton, deadweight 9,475 ton and as dimensions 449.1 x 58.4 x 25.6 x 28 (loaded) feet. Diesel propulsion, 2 screws, oil bunker capacity 1,420 ton, range 20,000 nautical miles and speed 11 (normal cruising)-12.5 (maximum) knots.
Source
Bundesarchiv RM 7/223
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Operated by the Maritime Safety Board. Length about 147.6 feet. Chitose P56, part of the Tatsuta-class, displacement 333.15 (standard)-357.7 (normal) tons and as dimensions 147.5 (between perpendiculars)-157.1/6 (waterline) x 24 x 7 3/8 (normal) feet, laid down on 20 September 1957, launched on 24 February 1958?
Courageous. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Eagle. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
The American Consulate at Valetta, Malta wrote the US State of Secretary on 11 June 1928 No. 275 that the British aircraft carrier HMS Courageous (1) arrived at her new station Malta. She replaced the HMS Hermes (2) now present in the Far East but still a significant increase for the Fleet Air Arm of the Mediterranean Fleet while the Courageous was almost twice the size of the Hermes. The air force personnel on board of the Courageoius was nearly as large of that of the Hermes and Eagle (3) together. Her Fleet Airm Arm was commanded by Wing Commander Robert Leakie and consisted of Nos. 404a and 407 fitted out with Flycatchers, Nos. 445-446 fitted out with Fairey 3F aircraft and Nos. 463-464 fitted out with Darts. Commanding officer of the Courageous was captain Aubrey Lambert, R.N.
Notes
1. Building ordered on 14 March 1915, laid down as a battle cruiser by Armstrong Whitworth with yard number 895 on 26 March 1915, launched on 5 February 1916, completed on 4 November 1916, converted into an aircraft carrier June 1924-Feburary 1928 and sunk by the German submarine U-29 on 17 September 1939
2. Based on a cruiser hull-design using a seaplane carrier design dating 1916 but which was enlarged and modified in a design dating April 1917. Building ordered in April 1917, laid down by Armstrong Whitworth on 15 January 1918, launched on 11 September 1919, commissioned on 18 February 1924, reclassified as training ship on 16 July 1938, again as aircraft carrier on 24 August 1939 and sunk during a Japanese air attack on 9 April 1942.
3. Building ordered as Chilean battle ship Almirante Cochrane on 29July 1912, laid down by Armstrong Whitworth with yard number 858 on 20 February 1913, launched on 8 June 1918, purchased on 28 February 1918, commissioned on 20 February 1924 and sunk by the German submarine U-73 on 11 August 1942.
The American consul at Harbin, China G.C. Hanson sent with his report dated 29 November 1927 a list dealing with the Chinese gunboats on the Sungari River. It included the Chian Tung. Used for patrolling between Harbin and Lahasus. Reported to be in fair condition as far as cleanliness is but did not cruise much often caused by a chronic lacking coal and other supplies which was due to lacking the necessary finances. The gunboats seemed to have little success in preventing brigands attacking passing steamships and junks arrriving too late on the place of delict. Displacement 160 tons. Built of iron. Armament 4: Na-teng-fei (?) 10-shot machine gun, 2 Mai-ke-sin (Maxim?) machine guns, 1 mortar. Former nationality ex Wutung SS Co. Steamship. Former name Chiang Hsing. Horsepower unknown. Thickness armour 3/10 of a inch. Tug converted into gunboat.
Source
National Archives. Record Group 64: Records of the National Archives and Records Administration. Series: Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of China. File Unit. Military Affairs and the Army: Army Maneuvers: 893.21 - 893.215 THRU Naval Affairs, Navy, Naval Vessels: Pay: 893.35/0-2. Microfilm 329 roll 122.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships by German shipyards in July 1944. Type XXIII. Yard Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Yard number 501. Date building ordered 28 October 1943. Date completion 13 October 1944. Remarks none.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 147.
American Connecticut-class battleships. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Turkish Resadiye-class battleships. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
British King George V-class battleships. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
The Ottoman government was in 1910 interested in purchasing two battleships. American shipyards were competing with foreign shipyards among which the British were favourite. The US Secretary of State sent on 1 June 1910 a telegram to the Embassy at Constantinople stating that the Ottoman Minister of Marine resigned and that his Ministry an open competition for building Turkish warships favoured. The awards were for the lowest bidder. On 30 June 1910 were letters sent by the Acting Secretary of State to William Cramp and Sons Shipbuilding Company, Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Newport News Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company, New York Shipbuilding Company, the Bethlehem Steel Company and Mr. M.M.A. Smith of the Care Niles, Bennett, Pond Company at New York(1).
With the similar text: “That this Department has been requested by the delomatic representative in this city of a foreign power [the Ottoman Empire] to secure information from American shipsbuilding as to the shortest length of time in which a battleship of the Connecticut class (2) be laid down, launched and equipped”. Such information was asked from all the leading powers [like the United Kingdom and Germany]. The foreign power intended to place an award for building a battleship of the mentioned type to be built within the shortest length of time. The firms were requested for their immediate attention and advice to be able to answer the Ottoman Empire.
The Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, Massachusetts replied on 5 July writing that after careful consideration she could lay down the keel of a battleship of the Connecticut-classs within 2 months after the getting the order, launched 10 months later and complete it fully equiped within 24 montsh. The vessel to be built was a duplicate of USS Vermont which built this shipyard earlier and part of the Atlantic Fleet cruising around the world. The limniting feature of the completion of a ship of this type was the time needed for manufacturing her main armament of 30.48cm/12” guns and the time mentioned depended on the promised delivery of the guns. The Bethlehem Steel Company promised to deliver the needed guns within 20 months by using guns of the US Navy and to replace those by new ones.
At the end a Turkish battleship was built by a British shipyard but never delivered.(3)
Notes
1. The Niles-Bement-Pond Company, created in 1899 by merging Niles Tool Works, Bement, Miles&Co, Pond Machine Tool Company and Philadephia Engine Works. Later were Pratt&Whitney, Pratt&Whitney of Canada, John Bertrams&Sons and Ridgway Machine Co., acquired.
2. BB-20. Part of Connecticut-class preceded by Virginia-class succeeded by Mississippi-class. Laid down by Fore River Shipyard on 21 May 1904, launched on 31 August 1905, commissioned on 4 March 1907, decommissioned on 30 June 1920, stricken on 10 November 1923 and sold to be broken up on 30 November 1923.
3. The Resadiye-class which were an improved British King George V-class battleships design ordered from Vickers, Armstrong Whitworth. The Fatih Sultan Mehmed was ordered in April 1914 but never completed. The Resadiye (ex-Mehmed Resad V)was seized when the First World War broke out and commissioned in the British Royal Navy as HMS Erin. The Ottoman Empire bought in September 1913 from Brazil the Rio de Janeiro which was renamed Sultan Osman-I Evvel which was seized by in August 1914 and commissioned in the British Royal Navy as HMS Agincourt.
Source
Record Group 64: Records of the National Archives and Records Administration Series: Records of the Department of State Relating to the Internal Affairs of Turkey. Turkey: Naval Affairs, Navy, Naval Vessels: 867.30 - 867.348. Microcopy 353 rol 42.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships by German shipyards in July 1944. Type XXIII. Yard Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Yard number 500. Date building ordered 28 October 1943. Date completion 10 October 1944. Remarks none.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 147.
Gross tonnage 1,199 tons. Underway from Shanghai to Port Arthur. Type cargo provisions, clothing and false papers. Captured near Chefoo on 19 November 9104. Ship and cargo confiscated. Ginal appeal rejected. Now owned by the Japanese government as Yaura Maru. The war between the Russian and Japanese empires was between 8 February 1904-5 September1905.
Source
Official history (Naval and Military) of the Russo-Japanese War. Vol. II. Liao Yang, the Sha Ho, Port Arthur. Prepared by the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. London, 1912.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Length 48.6 feet. Operated by the Maritime Safety Board
An item dated Amsterdam, Netherlands 14 October reported the arrival at Texel, Netherlands on 12 October of the Dutch Greenland commandeur Sie .j Claasz 1 whale 46 quardelen. (1)
Note
1. This must be Sietje Klaasz, Greenland commandeur in 1740, 1745-1746, 1748 and 1751-1753, in 1748 for director Cornelis Abrahamsz de Veer, Amsterdam, catch results 1 whale, 46 barrels blubber and 61 quardelen whale oil. As Davis Strait commandeur 1732-1739 and 1741-1744. Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written note until 1794.
Type ship. Master A. Keith. Tonnage 340 tons. Built at South Shields in 1778. Owner Union Whale Fishing Company. Port where registered Montrose.
Source
List of the shipping registered in the different ports of Scotland. Glasgow, 1821.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Preceded by Type II conventional coastal submarine and Type XVII AIP-powered coastal submarine and succeeded by Type 201 coastal submarine. Designed for service in the swallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and the Mediterranean. There were 980 boats planned but just 61 completed between 1944-1945 (Deutsche Werft, Hamburg 48 and Germaniawerft, Kiel 120.
Sources
Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe, 1815-1945 vol. 2.
Lenton, Trevor. German Submarines 2. Navies of the Second World War. Macdonald & Co., 1965.
Rössler, Eberhard.Geschichte des Deutschen U-Bootbaus.J.F.Lehmanns Verlag, 1975.
Rössler, Eberhard. The U-boat: The evolution and technical history of German submarines. London: Cassell & Co., 2001.
Rössler, Eberhard. Deutsche Uboote 1898-1918. E.S. Mittler&Sohn, Hamburg, 2011.
Williamson, Gordon; Palmer, Ian. Kriegsmarine U-boats 1939-45: Vol 2. Osprey Publishing, 2002.
www.Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
An item reported the departure on 16 October from the Table Bay by the French whaler Croix du Sud, master M. Senecal.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of so-called 66 feet-class. Built by Everett-Pacific Shipbuilders, Everett Washington, Usa. Transferred to the Philippine Naval Patrol on 2 July 1948.
An item reported the departure on 16 October from the Table Bay by the French whaler L’Atlas, master A.Testelin for whaling.
Part of Vlissingen-class preceded by Alkmaar-/Tripartite-class minehunters.
