©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Re Umberto-class consisting of Re Umberto, Sardegna and Sicilia, preceded by Ruggiero di Lauria-class succeeded by Ammiraglio di Saint Bon-class. Laid down by Arsenale di La Spazia, Italy on 24 October 1884, launched on 20 September 1890, completed on 16 February 1895, guard ship after 1917, stricken on 4 January 1923 and broken up.
According to a list of the Italian Department for transport over sea and by rail was she lost on 27 May due to bombs on the location Cap Bon. Tonnage 46 tons.
Source
Bundesarchiv RM 20/728.
An item reported that the French warships which left Algiers, French Algeria on 3 July since then arrived at Toulon, France.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-9-42.
Richelieu-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Jean Bart. Original postcard
An item reported that air reconnaissance of Casablanca, French Morocco pointed out that 6 French submarines and 2 destroyers left the harbor for patrolling and in the harbor were lying the battleship Jean Bart (1) together with 1-6” [light) cruiser and 8-10 destroyers. In the night of 5 July departed 7 submarines.
Note
1. Part of Richelieu-class fast battleships preceded by Dunkerque-class succeeded by the planned but not realized Alsace-class. Laid down on 12 December 1936, launched on 6 March 1940, commissioned on 8 January 1949, out of service on 1 August 1957, stricken on 10 February 1970 and broken up. On 22 February 1945 was decided to complete although in July was discussed as a battleship or as an aircraft carrier. On 21 September it became clear that completing as an aircraft carrier would cost 5 milliard Francs and five years delay in completition. She was able to carry 40 aircraft with 14 extra slung from the hangar deckhead. The armament consisted of 8x2-13cm anti aircraft guns, as a battleship 2x4-38cm/15” guns.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-9-42.
An item reported that since the outbreak of the Second World War the Royal Navy escorted 27,089 ships of which 21,613 were British.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-9-42.
An item reported that all Dutch Greenland whalers which sailed to Greenland returned home except for 5 which were lost. The 119 ships included one for Rotterdam which went to Davis Strait caught 390 5/6 whalen of 8,456 quardelen blubber.
Source
De Maandelykse Nederlandsche Mercurius, 1768.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Unryu-class (project number G16) Ikoma-subclass preceded by Taiho succeeded by planned but not realized Project Number G18. Design resembles more the Hiryu than that of the Taiho. There were 16 planned namely under the Maru Kyu Programme ship No. 301 in 1941 and under the Kai-Maru 5 Programme Ships No. 5001-5015, at the end were 13 were cancelled. There were 2 subclasses namely Unryu (Nos. 302, Modified Unryu Class 5001-5006 and Ikoma (unofficial Modified Ship Number 302-class in fact a simplified Unryu model Nos. 5007-5015). Cancelled on 11 August 1943, to be laid down by Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in June 1944 and be completed by September 1946.
Fluyt ship. Commandeur Fredrik Pieters. Dimensions 111’5 2/3”x 28’9”x 12’5”x 6’10 2/3” feet. With 6-7 boats. DirectorCornelis Abrahamsz de Veer. Bought for 175 guilders, at stroke 18 guilders by Henricus Moens for his superior.
Note
1. Greenland commandeur for Cornelis Abrahansz de Veer, Amsterdam between 1758-1769, total catch results 69 1/4 whale-1,237 barrels blubber-1,986 quardelen whale oi, in 1758 respectively 12-168-271.
Sources
De Maandelykse Nederlandsche Mercurius, 1768.
Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written note until 1794.
Fluyt ship. Commandeur Hans Jacobsz. Built in 1752. Dimensions 110’x 28’6”x 12 1/2 x 7’1” feet. With 6-7 boats. Sold for 100 guilders to Dirk van Eyk.(1)
Note
1. Greenland commandeur for Fredrik de Harde, Amsterdam between 1756-1768, total catch results 28 1/2 whale-974 barrels blubber-1,450 quardelen whale oil, lost in 1768.
Sources
De Maandelykse Nederlandsche Mercurius, 1768.
Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written note until 1794.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Built under the Emergency War Programme of the First World War. At the end of 1914 was the design completed and in July 1915 were 36 ships in 3 batches ordered for the British Royal Navy. British shipyards built an additional 8 vessels for the French Navy. Part of Arabis-class preceded by Azalea- and Acacia classes and preceded by Aubrietia-class. The Arabis-class was just like 4 other subclasses part of the so-called Flower-class, the later also known as Cabbage-class or the Herbacous Borders. Launched by Earle’s Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Kingston upon Hull, England on 9 December 1915 and sold to be scrapped on 30 January 1923.
BookkeeperPieter Jacobus and Abraham Kops, Amsterdam
1718
Whales 2 Barrels blubber 100
1719
Whales 2 Barrels blubber 60
1720
Whales 3 Barrels blubber 160
1721
Whales 5,75 Barrels blubber 180
1722
Whales 5.5 Barrels blubber 190
1723
Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0
Bookkeeper Albert Kramp, Amsterdam
1724
Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0
1725
Whales 1 Barrels blubber 35
Total
Whales 19.25 Barrels blubber 725
Source
Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written notes until 1794.
Bookkeeper Nicolaas Kalff, Zaandam
1719
Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0
1720
Whales 2 Barrels blubber 170
1721
Whales 9 Barrels blubber 330
1722
Whales 6 Barrels blubber 120
Bookkeeper Klaas Cornelisz Louwe, Zaandam
1723
Whales 2 Barrels blubber 95
1724
Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0
1725
Whales 4 Barrels blubber 90
1726
Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0
Total
Whales 24 Barrels blubber 805
Source
Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written notes until 1794.
As Argentina Maru©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
As Kaiyo©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Ordered in 1938 with building costs subsided by Imperial Navy as she was designed for a conversion into an aircraft carrier. Launched by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Shipyard on 9 December 1938, completed on 31 May 1939, sold to the Japanese navy on 9 December 1942, converted into an aircraft carrier, commissioned on 23 November 1943, heavily damaged by several allied air attacks and finally abandoned in the Beppu Bay, stricken on 20 November 1945 and in situ broken up between 1 September 1946 and 30 January 1948. Already designed to be converted into an aircraft carrier. Gross register tonnage 12.753 tons, deadweight 8.200 tons and as dimensions 516 x (waterline)-545 (over all) x 69 x 29 (loaded) feet. Speed 29 (normal cruising)-22 (maximum) knots. Twin screw. Diesel machinery supplying 16.500 bhp/2.080 nhp.
Her sister ship the Brasil Maru was torpedoed and sunk by the American submarine USS Greenlings (SS-213) when underway from Truk towards Yokosuka around 130 nautical miles north west of Truk. She was underway for her conversion into an escort carrier.
An item reported the loss on 15 November of the British cargo ship Blue Galleon, tonnage 712 tons, loaded with cement , underway from London, England to Sunderland, England sunk when bombed by aircraft on the position 20 miles east of Cromer. Of the crew 1 men killed and 3 missing. Part of convoy.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-13-37.
An item reported the loss on 15 November of the British cargo ship Apapa, tonnage 9,333 tons, loaded with African products, underway from Lagos, Nigeria to Liverpool, England sunk when bombed and set on fire by German aircraft on the position 300 miles west south west of The Bloody Foreland.(1) Part of convoy. Of the crew+passengers of 261 persons were 236 landed.
Note
1. The Bloody Foreland or Cnoc Fola is a red colored headland in County Donegal along the Atlantic Ocean, Ireland near the Parish of Gweedore.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-13-37.
Model of Günther Ahrens. Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.
Built by Stoczia Polnocna (Northern plant, Danzig, Poland in 1974. Part of Piast-clas/Project 570. MMSI 261211000 and call sign SRWB. Commissioned on 26 January 1974.
An item reported the arrival at Lahaina, Hawaii on 10 November of the American whaling barque Italy master Rowley of Greenport, New York coming from Ochotsk 20 barrels sperm oil 1,400 barrels whale oil 9,000 lbs bone
An item reported the arrival at Lahaina, Hawaii on 9 November of the American whaler Caravan master Bragg of Fairhaven coming from the Arctic 500 barrels whale oil 8,000 lbs bone
An item reported the arrival at Lahaina, Hawaii on 7 November of the American whaling barque Antelope master Potter of Newport coming from Ochotsk 1,500 barrels whale oil 25,000 lbs bone
Model Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.
Built by Martin Jansen GmbH&Co. KG Schiffswerft&Maschinefabrik, Leer, Germany in 1984. Owner National Iranian Oil Company. Belize-flagged between 2008-2012, since then Iran, IMO 8401171, MMSI 422027700? and call sign EPBM8.
Fluyt, E.I.C.-chamber Zealand, on stocks by Cornelis Speldernieuw sr. at E.I.C-yard at Middelburg, Netherlands 1662, launched in 1663, dimensions 142 x 32 x 14 feet.
Sources
Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde oost-indische compagnie der vereenigde Nederlanden ter kamer van Zeeland. Middelburg, 1759.
Archive V.O.C. 1602-1811 inv.no. 11048. Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie tec. Christiaan Sigismund Matthaeus, Jan Dane, Middelburg, 1759.
F.W. van Stapel. Beschrijving van de O.I. Compagnie.
Fluyt, E.I.C.-chamber Zealand, on stocks by Cornelis Speldernieuw sr. at E.I.C-yard at Middelburg, Netherlands 1661, launched on 20 September 1661, dimensions 128-135 x 29 x 13 feet.
Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde oost-indische compagnie der vereenigde Nederlanden ter kamer van Zeeland. Middelburg, 1759.
Archive V.O.C. 1602-1811 inv.no. 11048. Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie tec. Christiaan Sigismund Matthaeus, Jan Dane, Middelburg, 1759.
F.W. van Stapel. Beschrijving van de O.I. Compagnie.
Flusser, Smith-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Roe, Paulding-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Duncan, Cassin-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Paulding-class (DD 22-42) preceded by Smith-class succeeded by Cassin-class. Some times DD 24-28, 30-31, 33 and 36 are considered as the Roe-class and DD 32,35 and 38-42 as Monaghan-class. Silhouettes differs while the DD 24-27, 30-32, 34, 36-37 and 40 possessed 3 instead of 4 funnels, with the middle funnel being larger with two boiler uptakes trunked together. The edition Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I called the class instead of Paulding-class the Drayton-class which was unofficially also known as the Flivver Type. Laid down by nre York Shipbuilding Company, Camden, New Jersey, USA on 19 June 1909, launched on 23 June 1910, commissioned on 21 February 1911decommissioned on 12 December 1919, stricken on 5 July 1934, transferred to the US Coast Guard on 7 June 1924, commissioned between 30 June 1925-14 February 1931, returned to the navy and sold to be broken up on 22 August 1934.
An item reported the arrival at Aberdeen, Scotland of the whaler Hope on 25 July, master Phillips, coming from Greenland.
Source
Lloyd’s List dated London, England Friday 4 August 1815
An item reported the arrival at Aberdeen, Scotland of the whaler Dexterity on 25 July, master Sangster, coming from Greenland.
Source
Lloyd’s List dated London, England Tuesday 8 August 1815
Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.
Oil painting of Julius Prömmel (22 February 1812 Hamburg-Wandsbek, Germany-15 May 1870 Triest, Austria nowadays Italy), a German-Danish painter and shipbuilder
Mentioned between 1743-1744.
Source
A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.
Mentioned between 1740-1754.
Source
A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.
Flusser, Smith-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Roe, Paulding-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Duncan, Cassin-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Paulding-class (DD 22-42) preceded by Smith-class succeeded by Cassin-class. Some times DD 24-28, 30-31, 33 and 36 are considered as the Roe-class and DD 32,35 and 38-42 as Monaghan-class. Silhouettes differs while the DD 24-27, 30-32, 34, 36-37 and 40 possessed 3 instead of 4 funnels, with the middle funnel being larger with two boiler uptakes trunked together. The edition Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I called the class instead of Paulding-class the Drayton-class which was unofficially also known as the Flivver Type. Laid down by New York Shipbuilding Company, Camden, New Jersey, USA on 9 June 1909, launched on 4 June 1910, commissioned on 23 January 1911, decommissioned on 12 December 1919, transferred to the US Coast Guard on 7 June 9124, commissioned between 17 June 1925-20 December 1929, returned to the navy on October 1930, stricken on 28 June 1934 and sold to be broken up on 2 May 1934.
An item reported the arrival at Lahaina, Hawaii on 7 November of the American whaling barque Venice master Harris of New London coming from the Arctic 800 barrels whale oil 10,000 lbs bone
An item reported the arrival at Lahaina, Hawaii on 7 November of the American whaling barque Covington master Newman of Warren coming from the Arctic 425 barrels whale oil
An item reported the arrival at Lahaina, Hawaii on 7 November of the American whaler L.C. Richmond master Cochran of New Bedford coming from the Arctic 700 barrels whale oil 11,000 lbs bone
Oil painting by Peter Stork (born 1940)
Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.
An item reported the loss on 14 November of the British cargo ship St. Catherine, tonnage 1,216 tons, cargo not specified, underway from Aberdeen, Scotland to Kirkwall, Scotland sunk by a torpedo fired by German aircraft on the position off Aberdeen. Not part of a convoy, Of the crew 14 men missing, 2 wounded.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-13-37.
An item reported the loss on 13 November of the Belgian cargo ship Anvers, tonnage 4,398 tons, loaded with steel, underway from Philadelphia, USA to London, England sunk when bombed by German aircraft on the position off Rattray Head. Part of convoy. All men saved.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-13-37.
Frigate also called yacht, E.I.C.-chamber Zealand, on stocks by Cornelis Speldernieuw sr. at E.I.C-yard at Middelburg, Netherlands 1665, launched on 12 February 1667, dimensions 75 x 19½ x 8½ feet.
Sources
Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde oost-indische compagnie der vereenigde Nederlanden ter kamer van Zeeland. Middelburg, 1759.
Archive V.O.C. 1602-1811 inv.no. 11048. Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie tec. Christiaan Sigismund Matthaeus, Jan Dane, Middelburg, 1759.
F.W. van Stapel. Beschrijving van de O.I. Compagnie.
E.I.C.-chamber Zealand, built at E.I.C-yard at Middelburg, Netherlands 1667, dimensions 145 x 34½ x 14½ feet.
Sources
Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde oost-indische compagnie der vereenigde Nederlanden ter kamer van Zeeland. Middelburg, 1759.
Archive V.O.C. 1602-1811 inv.no. 11048. Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie tec. Christiaan Sigismund Matthaeus, Jan Dane, Middelburg, 1759.
F.W. van Stapel. Beschrijving van de O.I. Compagnie.
Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.
Model presented by admiral Bülent Bostanoglu, commander in chief off the Turkish naval forces and captain Ilyas Gultas director of the Navy Museum at Istanbul, Turkey.
An item reported the arrival at Gravesend, England of the whaler Elizabeth on 7 August 1815, master Hayes, coming from Greenland.
Source
Lloyd’s List dated London, England Tuesday 8 August 1815
An item reported the arrival at Aberdeen, Scotland of the whaler Union on 25 July, master Manson, coming from Greenland
Source
Lloyd’s List dated London, England Tuesday 8 August 1815
Part of Adventure-class succeeded by Forward-class. Laid down by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick, Tyne and Wear on 7 January 1904, launched on 8 September 1904, launched on 8 September 1904, commissioned in October 1905, decommissioned on 12 August 1919 and sold to be broken up on 3 March 1920.
Mentioned in 1789.
Source
A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.
Mentioned in 1787.
Source
A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.
Russian Vnimatel’nyy former Japanese Otori-class Kiji©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Russian Vol'ny former Japanese Matsu-class Shii©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Otori-class preceded by Chidori-class succeeded by Matsu-class destroyers. Ordered under the 1934 2nd Naval Armaments Supplements Programme of which 8 of the planned 16 were cancelled. Laid down by Mitsui Engineering&Shipbuilding, Tamano or Tama Zosensho KK, Okayama, Japan on 24 October 1935, launched on 26 January 1937, completed on 31 July 1937, surrendered at Surabaya, Dutch East Indies in August 1945, used for repatriation purposes, handed over to the Soviet Union on3 October 1947 and decommissioned on 31 October 1957.
Sources
Breyer, S. and N. Polmar. Guide to the Soviet Navy, 2nd edition.
Fukui, S. Japanese naval vesse;s at the end of World War II.
Jentschura, H., D. Jung and P. Mickel. Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy 1869-1945.
Huan, Cl. La Flotte rouge.
Budzbon, P., J. Radziemski, and M. Twardowski. Warships of the Soviet Fleets 1939-1945, volume I.
Kouznetsov, N. La Marine sovietique en guerre 1941-1945.
Meister, J. Soviet Warships of the Second World War.
Pavlov, A.S. Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945-1995.
Rohwer, J. and M.S. Monakov. Stalin’s Ocean-going Fleet. Soviet naval strategy and shipbuilding programmes 1935-1953.
Schulz-Troge, U. Die sowjetische Kriegsmarine.
Watts, A.J. and B.G. Gordon. The Imperial Japanese Navy.
Far Eastern Sighting Guide (ONI-F-31-FE).
Jane’s Fighting Ships several editions.
https://warshipsresearch.blogspot.com/ d.d. 1-4-2026 15:58
Otori-class d.d. 1-4-2026 15:58
An item reported the arrival at Honolulu, Hawaii on 14 November of the American whaler Jeanette master West coming from Ochotsk 900 barrels whale oil 9,000 lbs bone
An item reported the arrival at Honolulu, Hawaii on 12 November of the American whaler Tamerlan master Shockley coming from Ochotsk 1,200 barrels whale oil 13,000 lbs bone
An item reported the arrival at Honolulu, Hawaii on 12 November of the American whaler India master Miller coming from Ochotsk 2,200 barrels whale oil 23,000 lbs bone
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Similar Mansyu Maru (1912) and Siragi Maru (1912). Call sign JKLD. Owner in 1939 Kita Nippon Kisen, Tokyo, Japan. Built by Kawasaki Dockyard Co. Ld., Kobe, Japan in 1912 and torpedoed and sunk as a transport by the American submarine USS Queenfish on 9 September 1944. Gross tonnage 3,054 tons, under deck 2,663 tons, net tonnage 1,491 tons and as dimensions 324.0x 43.0 x 20.0 x 13.5 (light)-21 (loaded) feet. Reciprocating propulsion, 2 screws, horsepower 337 nhp, coal bunker capacity 285 tons, range 2,500 nautical miles/12.5 knots. and speed (normal cruising)- (maximum) knots.
An item reported the loss on 12 November of the British cargo ship Empire Wind, tonnage 7,459 tons, in ballast, underway from Tyne, United Kingdom to Vancouver, Canada sunk when bombed by aircraft on the position 360 miles west of Bantry Bay. Part of convoy. Crew landed at Greenock, Scotland.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-13-37.
An item reported the loss on 11 November of the British cargo ship Balmore, tonnage 1,925 tons, loaded with pyrites, underway from Huelva, Spain to Glasgow, Scotland sunk when bombed by German aircraft on the position 300 miles west of Bloody Foreland.(1) Not part of a convoy. Of her crew were 27 men missing.
Note
1. The Bloody Foreland or Cnoc Fola is a red colored headland in County Donegal along the Atlantic Ocean, Ireland near the Parish of Gweedore.
Source
National Archive UK. CAB-66-13-37.
HMS Cossack, Tribal-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Tribal- or F-class preceded by River- of E-class and succeeded by Beagle- or G-class. First Sea Lord Fisher asked for a 33 knots destroyer in November 1904 and to be fitted out with oil-fuelled boilers and steam turbines. While the design details were left to the individual shipyards as common at the time the were quite what difference in details and appearance especially dealing with the number of funnels. HMS Cossack and Ghurka had three funnels but their sister ship HMS Viking even six. The class had also two masts of which a light mainmast aft. Totally 12 completed. Built under the 1907-1908 Programme. Laid down by Palmers, Jarrow, England on 11 June 1908, launched on, 14 September 1909, commissioned on 29 June 1910 and sold to be broken up on 12 December 1919.
E.I.C.-chamber Zealand, on stocks by Cornelis Speldernieuw sr. at E.I.C-yard at Middelburg, Netherlands 1664, launched on 1 April 1666, dimensions 142 x 34 x 14 feet.
Sources
Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde oost-indische compagnie der vereenigde Nederlanden ter kamer van Zeeland. Middelburg, 1759.
Archive V.O.C. 1602-1811 inv.no. 11048. Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie tec. Christiaan Sigismund Matthaeus, Jan Dane, Middelburg, 1759.
F.W. van Stapel. Beschrijving van de O.I. Compagnie.
E.I.C.-chamber Zealand, on stocks by Cornelis Speldernieuw sr. at E.I.C-yard at Middelburg, Netherlands 1663, launched on 20 May 1664, dimensions 155 x 36 x 17 feet, with ‘lastbalken’.
Sources
Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde oost-indische compagnie der vereenigde Nederlanden ter kamer van Zeeland. Middelburg, 1759.
Archive V.O.C. 1602-1811 inv.no. 11048. Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie tec. Christiaan Sigismund Matthaeus, Jan Dane, Middelburg, 1759.
F.W. van Stapel. Beschrijving van de O.I. Compagnie.
Flusser, Smith-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Roe, Paulding-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Duncan, Cassin-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Paulding-class (DD 22-42) preceded by Smith-class succeeded by Cassin-class. Some times DD 24-28, 30-31, 33 and 36 are considered as the Roe-class and DD 32,35 and 38-42 as Monaghan-class. Silhouettes differs while the DD 24-27, 30-32, 34, 36-37 and 40 possessed 3 instead of 4 funnels, with the middle funnel being larger with two boiler uptakes trunked together. The edition Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I called the class instead of Paulding-class the Drayton-class which was unofficially also known as the Flivver Type. Laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, Massachusetts, USA on 22 March 1909, launched on 12 May 1910, commissioned on 15 December 1910, decommissioned on 9 December 1919, stricken on 8 March 1935 and sold to be broken up on 28 June 1935.
An item reported the arrival at Dundee, Scotland of the whaler Estridge on 29 July 1815, master Bernie, coming from Greenland.
Source
Lloyd’s List dated London, England Friday 4 August 1815
An item reported the arrival at Hull, England of the whaler Cato on 1 August 1815, master Weldon, coming from Greenland.
Source
Lloyd’s List dated London, England Friday 4 August 1815
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Length 68.6 feet. The Chiyozuru-class with as dimensions 95 4/5 (overall) x 18 2/3 x 6 1/2 feeet and a displacement of 130 tons, wood-built between 1943-1945 as auxiliary sub chasers named after birds but which were before known as MS+number?
Mentioned in 1758.
Source
A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.
Mentioned in 1752.
Source
A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.
French submarine Surcouf©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
British submarine HMS X-1©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
On the frontpage of the The Duisburger General-Anzeiger dated Monday 17 January 1921 was article published titeld Das U-Boot der unbegrenzten Möchlichkeiten [roughly translated the submarine of the unlimited possibilities]. The reporter wrote that thanks to the reseach of Flamm (1) naval war was to be changed radically. The size of the submarine was no longer limited and to be armed with armor protected heavy guns. Flamm developed a new stapbility principe after many years of intensive research allowing him to build much larger submarines. At that moment he designed an amored U-boot cruiser of 1,433 tons with a 35mm thick armor weighing 134 ton and an area of 750 square metres. At both ends of the deck was an armored gunturret positioned with a 10.5cm gun. Also on deck were rotatable torpedo tubes mounted, and under deck were fixed tubes built-in. Surfaced speed was 17.5 knots. Nearly completed were the plans for a submarine of 4,870 tons with a length of 100 metres. She was to be armed with 4 smaller or two 21cm guns mounted in 2 armored gun turrets like the earlier mentioned design. Speed was increased to 25 knots. Further more he was working on a concept for a submarine of 8,400 or 9,900 tons which was to develop a speed of 28 knots. She was to be protected by 6-7cm thich armor plates and to be armed with four 21 or 24cm guns, again mounted in armored turrets.
The magazine Die Umschau volume 25 No. 6 dated 5 February 1921 p. 74 reported that Flamm, professor at the Charlottenburger Technischen Hochschule succeeded in designing a submarine which was armoured without negative effects for the stability while diving or submerged cruising. Until then was the danger of turning around the main objection against the use of armour. There were project drawings available for an armoured submarine cruiser of 1,443 tons volume content and with a speed of 17.5 knots. Patents were obtained in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands and Italy and negotiations went underway in the USA.
The Time Magazine (topic The Machine Age dated 4 February 1924) wrote that the Maschinenfabriek Augsburg-Nürnberg AG (MAN) made a model of a submarine cruiser of more as 7,000 tons and supplies. Interesting details are supplied: "The boat is heartshaped, point upward, with the keel in the groove of the heart, like an inverted V. The principal advantage is rapid and even submersion, the stability depending on the form and the distribution of pressure. It can submerge in 30 seconds without turning a degree, can cruise 20,000 miles and develop a speed of 23 knots an hour. It is 525 ft. long and 49 ft. wide, and carries large torpedo and gun armament."
The Karlsruher Tagblatt dated Wednesday 23 April 1924 published on page 6 an article dealing with the submarine cruiser war of the future which were without any doubt to become of the most dangerous weapons in a future naval war. USA, England and France showed signifant interest in building such submarines. An absolute independence of submarine support points excluded the submarine home base or an unlimited range as proposed in Flamms designs was yet not realized. He designed two twin boats namely a submarine cruiser of 7,067 tons and a submarine minelayer of 7,700 tons displacement. Both types had the same speed and diving qualities to able the boats to cooperate closely.
The submarine cruiser would have a length of around 403 feet. Deck and sides were heavily armoured against air attacks. The deck armament included 2-21cm guns and some 60 calibre guns met sufficient ammunition storage. In the First World War was the calibre maximum 40-calibre. In the bow and stern were 4 torpedo tubes fitted for which 45 torpedoes were carried. Until now was that just six torpedoes. The diesel propulsion delivered 30,000 allowing a surfaced speed of 22-23 knots possible. For submerged cruising was a 5,000hp electric engine available. cRew numbered around 100 men. Dive time 1 minute. Building time around 9 months and costs around 40 million mark.
The Australian newspaper Northern Star dated Saturday 10 January 1925 referred to an article recently published in Marine Rundschau dealing with the designs of Flamm. Despite his opinion that battleships and other types of surface warships were still indispensable, he thought that submarines ought to have a higher place in naval warfare in the future. Key word in his research was supreme importance of stability in submarines which he wanted to ssolve by adopting a new hull form. This form supplied a perfect stability while diving “and when running submerged, continues to steadniness of trim, and enables relatively enormous weights to be carried on the upper part of the hull.” As far as he known other navies depended for the stability of their 4,000+ tons submarine cruisers on ballast or deadweight to carry. If ballast was not used for assuring the staibility they should use his system of construction and which was patented world wide. Since 1919 he was doing intensive research in this matter.
One of his projects was a diving cruiser of 7,067 tons displacement fitted out with defensive armour with a weight of 614.5 tons and armed with turret guns, quick firing guns and torpedo tubes with a weight f 500,5 tons. The idea behind this design was ‘that such a vessel mounting one or more heavy guns in deck turrets and having its sides plated with armour, could rise to the surface and, with only its upper works showing, canonnade with deadly effect the unarmoured sides of an enemy dreadnought. The submarine itself would present an almost invisble target, and could only be hit by chance.”
The American magazine Popular Science dated 1927 reported that the French navy completed the largest submarine of the world with a tonnage of 3000 tons. This was the Surcouf (2). Flamm planned a much larger submarine cruiser which had a tonnage of 7,067 tons, a length of 403 feet and which was armed with 2-8” guns. The British Royal Navy had the X-1 (3) of 2,780 tons, a length 351 feet and which was armed with 4” guns and 21” torpedo tubes and able to remain 2.5 day submerged.
Notes
1. Oswald Flamm (30 July 1861 Düsseldorf, Germany-12 June 1935 Berling, Germany, Berlin) shipbuilding and -engine engineer. Played an important role in the German shipbuilding and was specialised in screws. stability and submarine building. He was according to Time Magazine (website Time.com) reponsible for a “series of revolutionary, non-patent designs for heavily armored, giant submersible dreadnought and u-boat cruisers between 1921 and 1930.”
2. Ordered on 4 August 1926, laid down by Cherbourg Arsenal on 1 July 1927, launched on 18 November 1929, commissioned ion 16 April 1935, refitted in 1941 and disappeared on 18 February 1942. Pennant N N 3 and designation number 17P. Displacement 2,926 (dead)-3,302 (surfaced)-4,373 (submerged) tons and as dimension 361 x 29.6 z 23.9 feet or 110 x 9 x 7.25 metres.
3. Laid down by HM Dockyard, Chatham, England on 2 November 1921, launched on 16 June 1923, completed on 23 September 1925, commissioned in December 1925, partof the reserve since 1930 and broken up on 12 December 1936. Displacement 2,820 (surfaced)-3,700 (submerged) tons and as dimensions 363.6 x 29.9 x 15 or 110.8 x 9.1 x 4.6 metres. Armed with 6-53.3cm/21” torpedo tubes in de bow and 2x2-13.2cn/5.2” guns.
Sources
Trove website Australian newspapers.
German Digital Newspapers Archive
Delpher.nl
New Zealand Historical Newspapers Papers Past
