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Sunday, 26 July 2026

Danish sailing ketch Jens Krogh (1899) 1977-


Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Denmark-flagged, MMSI 219344000 and call sign OWMP. Built at HV Buhl, Fredrikshavn in 1899.Originally used as a fishing cutter when she was bought in 1977 and restored and now operated by FDF Aalborg Skreds. Renamed at least twice, with as homeport Esbjerg under the name Ida E 191 and in her last fishing years was Saeby her homeport and name Ulla-Vite. 

Italian sailing ship Maria Febronia lost in 1917

According to a list of the Italian Department for transport over sea and by rail was she lost on 23 May due to submarine attack on the location 151 miles west nroth west Pantellvia. Tonnage 55 tons.

Source

Bundesarchiv RM 20/728.

Dutch anti pollution vessel (ex-TSM Dora 1984-?) BDS Adventure


North Sea, 10 June 2026

Part of the fleet of BDS, based at Harlingen, Netherlands. St. Vincent&Grenadines-flagged, homeport Kingstown, IMO 8417508, MMSI 375824000 and call sign J8B6346. Built by Ingeniere Maritime&Commercialisation, Tonny-charente, France in 1984. As multi purpose offshore vessel Dora France flagged until 2016, MMSI 375824000, call sign FQAR, homeport Nantes Saint Nazaire, France, owner DCNS Brest, manager Finit’mer, both of Brest, France. 

German blockade runner Aisterufer outward bound in 1943

Transport Number K. Name ship Aisterufer. Company Robert Sloman jr., Hamburg, Germany. Date departure 23 March 1943. Harbour which was left Bordeaux, France. Destination Far East. Part of 2. Action “Pfastermundkoch”.

Source

Bundesarchiv RM 7/1419 Ausarbeitung "Wirtschaftsfahrten im Zweiten Weltkrieg" (Zusammenstellung der Fahrten von Blockadebrechern nach Ostasien, 1941-1945). 

Dutch fishing vessel Dingenis Maria YE 161 2002-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Netherlands-flagged, IMO 9280249, MMSI 244228000 and call sign PCQI. Built by Scheepswerf Gebroeders Kooiman, Zwijndrecht, Netherlands in 2002. 

Dutch Greenland commandeur Klaas Jacobsz Schoenmaker 1700-1711

Bookkeeper Jan Heertjes Molenaar, Jisp

1700

Whales 6 Barrels blubber 220 Quardelen whale oil

1701

Whales 14 Barrels blubber 330 Quardelen whale oil

1702

Whales 3 Barrels blubber 118 Quardelen whale oil

1703

Whales 3 Barrels blubber 90 Quardelen whale oil

1704

Whales 5 Barrels blubber 246 Quardelen whale oil

1705

Whales 5 Barrels blubber 182 Quardelen whale oil

1706

Whales 3 Barrels blubber 190 Quardelen whale oil

1707

Whales 1 Barrels blubber 42 Quardelen whale oil

1708

Whales 4 Barrels blubber 190 Quardelen whale oil

1709

Whales 1 Barrels blubber 40 Quardelen whale oil

1710

Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0 Quardelen whale oil

1711

Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0 Quardelen whale oil

Source

Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written notes until 1794.

Norwegian sailing vessel (ex-No. 4 1918-1965) Ryvingen


Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Norway-flagged, MMSI 257744610 and call sign LDTL. Built as pilot boat No. 4 in 1918, served until 1965, then became a sea scout boat at Oslo, sold to the Norwegian foundation Losskøte Rvingen van 1918. 

British sailing transport Eveline in the Crimean War on 28-10-1854

According to a list of the return of the disposition in the Black Sea on 28 October 1854 drawn up by Captain and Principal Agent of Transports P. Christie, “Melbourne”, Balaklava, Crimea: number transport 31, present position Balaklava, remarks waiting for orders, regimental baggage on board.

The Crimean War found place between 16 October 1853-30 March 1856 between Ottoman Empire, France, United Kingdom and Sardinia at one side and Russia and Greece on the other side. The British Government chartered a large number of merchant ships for transporting troops and stores.

Source

Reports from Committees: eight volumes. 3-Part II. Army before Sebastopol. Session 12 December 1854-14 August 1855. Vol. IX-Part II. 

Dutch fishing vessel Cornelia YE 157 1998-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Netherlands-flagged, IMO 9168001, MMSI 244718000 and call sign PEOK. Mussel dredger. Built by Scheepswerf Maaskant, Stellendam, Netherlands in 1998. 

American sailing sealing ship Pacific in 1829-1830

Antarctic sealing ground South Seas. Rigging schooner. Captain Jas. Brown. Left Portsmouth, Rhode Island, USA on 1 October 1829, left South Georgia on 5 March 1830 with as catch results 256 skins and 1,800 gallons sea elephant oil.

Source

Goode, George Brown. The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States. Section V. History and methods of the fisheries. Volume II, Washington, 1887. (1978).

Dutch sailing vessel Lise (1935)

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Netherlands-flagged, MMSI 244850933 and call sign PG3242. Built as a haicutter by Nipper, Skagen, Denmark in 1935 and active as fishing vessel on the North Sea until 1989, converted into a cutter rigged 2 mast pleasure craft. 

Construction status of the German kriegsfischkutter KFK 924 in 1944

©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships dated Berlin 22 May 1944. Built by Dutch shipyards, yet not divided. Date building ordered 4 December 1943. Date completion unknown but estimated 5 Kriegsfischkutters monthly.

Source

Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 152. 

Belgian sailing 2-mast gaff schooner Rupel 1996-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Belgium-flagged, homeport Boom, MMSI 205362800 and call sign OS3628. Designed by Vennekens using the concept of the end 18th Century Baltimore Schooners. Built in 1996.

Portuguese galleon Nossa Senhora da Conceicao 1655-1656

Mentioned between 1655-1656.

Source

A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.

Belgian sailing vessel Saeftinghe 1993-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Belgium-flagged, homeport Ostende, MMSI 205250970 and call sign OQ5209. Ketch. Designed by Dutch Architect Bekedebrede and built by De Vries Jachtwerf, Lemmer, Netherlands in 1993. 

Dutch East Indiaman Rammekens, also called Het Casteel van Rammekens 1661-

Yacht, E.I.C.-chamber Zealand, on stocks by Cornelis Speldernieuw sr at E.I.C-yard at Middelburg, Netherlands 1661, launched on 29 July 1662, dimensions 126 x 29 x 12 feet.

Sources

Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde oost-indische compagnie der vereenigde Nederlanden ter kamer van Zeeland. Middelburg, 1759.

Archive V.O.C. 1602-1811 inv.no. 11048. Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie tec. Christiaan Sigismund Matthaeus, Jan Dane, Middelburg, 1759.

Dutch tug (ex-Voorne 1957-1969, Eerland 17 1969-2000) Theo 2000-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Netherlands-flagged, homeport Harlingen, ENI 02310179, MMSI 244700811 and PD6417. Built by H. de Haas, Maassluis, Netherlands with yard number 101 for account of L. Smit&Co. Internationale Sleepdienst Maatschappij, Rotterdam in 1957. 

British merchant ship Iberia chartered for the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882

Between July-September 1882 was the United Kingdom in war with Egyptian and Sudanese troops ending in the British occupation of Egypt. The British government chartered between July-August a lot of merchant steamships for transporting troops, stores etc. from the United Kingdom to Egypt including the Iberia.

Source

The Nautical Magazine. Fifty-first year. Volume VII. July 1882. 

Saturday, 25 July 2026

British destroyer HMS Wrestler 1917-1944

HMS Seymour, Parker-class flotilla leader. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

HMS Wakeful, Admiralty W-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

HMS Amazon.  ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

D35. Part of Admiralty W-class destroyer preceded by S- and Parker-classes succeeded by Thornycroft type destroyer leaders Ambuscade and Amazon. Ordered on 9 December 1916, laid down by Swan Hunter, Wallsend, England in July 1917, launched on 25 February 1918, commissioned on 15 May 1918, mined off Juno Beach on 6 June 1944 and sold to be broken up on 20 July 1944.

A battleship like a kraken according to the newspaper Hawera&Normanby Star dated 8 December 1910

An item reported that the American major general Leonard Wood, Chief of Staff recently received a model of a battleship fitted out with huge arms like a devil-fish, able to walk over the bottom of the water. The ship called by the newspaper ‘a real leviathan” could “skim over the waves as lighty as a swallow and do the rest crawling on its hands and knees until it is under the middle of the opposing fleet. It then thrusts out hidden tentacles of steel and pulls the fleet to destruction.”Sadly enough was no more details supplied.(1)

Note

1. Leonard Wood (9 October 1860-7 August 1927), chief of staff of the US Army (22 April 1910-21 April 1914), military governor of Cuba (23 December 1899-20 May 1902) and governor-general of the Philippines (14 October 1921-7 August 1927).

Source

New Zealand historical newspapers. Papers Past

German naval 20mm Flak-Vierling C 38


Model Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023

A flying-floating battleship according to the newspaper Hawera&Normanby Star dated 8 December 1910

An item reported that an inventor handed over to the American general William Allen (1), Chief of the Signal Corps, Washington, DC, USA a model of a flying battleship.(2) Allen said that the floating annex flying battleship was “one of the most terrible things, on paper and otherwise, that he ever considered.” It went far beyond the fantasy of the notorious Baron Karl Friedrich Hieronymus von Münchausen (11 May 1720 Bodenwerder, Germany-22 February 1797 Bodenwerder, Germany). It was a hybrid mix between a ship and a plane which could “dip out of the sky and settle down like a duck in the water among a flock of battleship, and when it gets ready can open fire righy and left with twelve-inch (30.48cm) and twenty torpedoes. When the captain desires he can rise out of the water, fly over the fleet, and land anywhere he wants, for instance, in Central Park, New York, and from there open fire.” Sadly enough was no more details supplied. (1)

Notes

1. This must be brigadier general James Allen (13 February 1849 La Porte, Indiana, USA-19 February 1933 Washington, DC, USA) who was Chief Signal Corps between 10 February 1906-13 February 1913. He was the first chief of the Aeronautical Division of the Signal Corps which can be considered to be a forerunner of the US Air Force. He urged the US Army to buy a dirigible, which became the Signal Corps Dirigible No. 1 in 1908.

2. On 14 November 1910 made a plane with as pilot Eugene Ely the first take-off from a warship. This was the American cruiser USS Birmingham VL-2. The US Navy was in the 1910s interested in sea-based floaplanes and flying boats.

Source

New Zealand historical newspapers. Papers Past

Cross section gun turret American monitor USS Monitor 1861-1862

Model Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.

Ordered on 4 October 1861, laid down by Continental Iron Works, Greenpoint, Brooklyn, USA on 25 October 1861, launched on 30 January 1862, commissioned on 25 February 1862, lost at sea due to a storm off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA on 31 December 1862 and wreck found back on 27 August 1973. 

Escaped German crew members of the German merchant ship Windrijk arrested according to the U.S. Joint Intelligence Committee. Daily summary dated 7 March 1942

An item reported that 50 miles from Santos, Brazil 10 of the 11 escaped German crew members of the Windrijk were arrested. One men drowned during a storm off Praia Grunde. The German vice consul and ‘other persons’ who helped the sailors were arrested.

Source

Map Room Papers (Roosevelt Administration), 1942 - 1945. U.S. Joint Intelligence Committee. Daily summary No. 87 dated 7 March 1942.

Model German steam whale catcher Rau IX 1939

Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.

Built by Deschimag, Werk Seebeck, Wesermünde to be added to the fleet of the whale factory Walter Rau. Due to the outbreak of the Second World War was the season 1939-1940 cancelled and the fleet transferred to the navy. Rau IX became a submarine chaser and so-called Vorpostenboot. After the war used for sweeping mines and in 1948 handed over to Norway and became a whale catcher. Later under the flag of Iceland renamed Hvalur V and under the flag of the Far Oer Heykur Wale. In 1969 returned to Bremerhaven, Germany and became a museumship. 

Deed of chartering for the Dutch Greenland whaler de Hoop in 1659

Deed of chartering dated 28 February 1659 between merchant Hugo Grootvelt and master Cornelis Nekeman of Vlieland of the ship de Hoop with the dimensions 122 x 25.5 z 10.5 (hold) and above 5 1/4 Sardam (=Zaandam) feet for a whaling voyage towards Greenland.

Source

Stadsarchief Rotterdam. Notary Vitus Mustelius Wouters 18-510-155

Harpoon gun on Dutch whale catcher AM 2

Model Katwijks Museum, Netherlands

Scottish whaler John in 1821

Type ship. Master T. Jackson. Tonnage 316 tons. A prize. Owner Jas. Hunter&Co. Port where registered Greenock.

Source

List of the shipping registered in the different ports of Scotland. Glasgow, 1821. 

Harpoon gun

Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany

British whaler Rifleman arrived in the Bay of Islands according to the Australian newspaper The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser dated Saturday 25 May 1839

An item referred to a list of arivals and departured at the Bay of Islands between 26 February-2 May reporting the arrival of the British whaler Rifleman, Davies of London, 13 months, 1,300 barrels sperm oil on 8 April.(1)

Note

1. Bay of Islands, area on the east coast of the Far North District, North Island, New Zealand.

Danish whaler annex sealer Flora von Elmshorn 1816-1888


Model Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023. Age of model over 100 years.

Bark bought in 1816 by 15 citizen of Elmshorn and until 1872 used for whaling and sealing. Shows the Danish flag while Schleswig-Holstein was until 1864 Danish. After 1872 became she a floating beer and dance hall at Schanzengraben auf Steinwerder, Hamburg and broken up in 1888. 

Australian whaler Juno arrived in the Bay of Islands according to the Australian newspaper The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser dated Saturday 25 May 1839

An item referred to a list of arivals and departured at the Bay of Islands between 26 February-2 May reporting the arrival of the Australian whaler Juno, Banks of Sydney, 5 months 150 barrels sperm oil on 2 June. Departed for cruising on 1 May. (1)

Note

1. Bay of Islands, area on the east coast of the Far North District, North Island, New Zealand.

Norwegian steam whaler Spes et Fides 1863-1913 (Evenaes 1913-1917)

Model by Raymond Hampel, Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.

Built by Nylands Mekanisk Verksted, Oslo als world’s first steam purpose builtwhaler in 1863 for account of Svend Foyn, Tønsberg, sold to B.C. Skancke, Mehavn, Norway on 23 November 1904 but no longer used as whaler, twice sold was she repaired between 1912-1913 and became the Evenaes used for transporting herring and unk in bad weather om 18 December 1917. Fitted out with 1-50hp steam engine. Speed 7 knots. Tonnage 86 ton, dimensions 94 (over all) x 14.11 feet. After the first voyage to the northern waters of Finmark were the seven common whaling guns replaced by a single grenade harpoon bow gun invented by Foyn. 

Scottish whaler Invincible in 1821

Type ship. Master J. Hogg. Tonnage 306 tons. Built at Peterhead in 1814. Owner James Skelton. Port where registered Aberdeen.

Source

List of the shipping registered in the different ports of Scotland. Glasgow, 1821. 

Harpoon gun

Maritime Museum Hamburg, Germany, 2023.

Deed of chartering for the Dutch Greenland whaler Den Jongen Tobias in 1661

Deed of chartering dated 9 April 1661 between Abraham Hartoch merchant at Rotterdam and Frederick Willemsz van Amsterdam master of the ship Den Jongen Tobias to be fitted out for a whaling voyage towards Greenland starting at the river Maas and to return to Rotterdam to be unloaded. Payment 3,000 guilders.

Source

Stadsarchief Rotterdam. Notary Vitus Mustelius Wouters 18-514-144

Friday, 24 July 2026

Dutch sailing passenger ship Victoria S 19th Century

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Netherlands-flagged, ENI 03370010, MMSI 244740651 and call sign PI3550. Type stevenaak. Sources op several websites supplying different details like built in 1876 at Roodevaart (rederij-vooruit.nl) or as the Daarom in 1882 at Kinderdijk, renamed Grevelingen rond 1914, after 1933 Vios II and later Victoria. Netherlands(www.binnenvaarttaal.nl).

British merchant ship Irthington chartered for the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882

Between July-September 1882 was the United Kingdom in war with Egyptian and Sudanese troops ending in the British occupation of Egypt. The British government chartered between July-August a lot of merchant steamships for transporting troops, stores etc. from the United Kingdom to Egypt including the Irthington.

Source

The Nautical Magazine. Fifty-first year. Volume VII. July 1882. 

Dutch sailing vessel Isis (1892)

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Netherlands-flagged, homeport Amsterdam, Netherlands, ENI 02102373, MMSI 244615815 and call sign PE4347. Built by shipyard Van Duyvendijk, Lekkerkerk, Netherlands in 1892. 

Italian sailing ship Alfonso lost in 1917

According to a list of the Italian Department for transport over sea and by rail was she lost on 17 May due to submarine attack on the location 9 miles of Verna (Spagna). Tonnage 230 tons.

Source

Bundesarchiv RM 20/728.

Dutch sailing vessel Feije 1981-


Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Casco built using a steel construction kit of Beachcraft, Arkel, Netherlands in 1981. Zeeschouw.

German blockade runner Portland outward bound in 1943

Transport Number N. Name ship Portland. Company Hamburg-Amerika Linie, Hamburg, Germany. Date departure 23 January 1943? Harbour which was left Bordeaux, France. Destination Far East. Deadweight 7,729 ton. Part of 2. Action “Pfastermundkoch”.

Source

Bundesarchiv RM 7/1419 Ausarbeitung "Wirtschaftsfahrten im Zweiten Weltkrieg" (Zusammenstellung der Fahrten von Blockadebrechern nach Ostasien, 1941-1945). 

Polish sailing vessel Sykas 1999-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Poland-flagged, MMSI 261004731 and call sign SPG5652. Built in Ukraine in 1999. Bought in 2021, modernized then and relaunched in 2024. 

Dutch Greenland commandeur Klaas de Ruyter 1700-1707

Bookkeeper Leendert Kolleman, Jisp.

1700

Whales 6 Barrels blubber 270 Quardelen whale oil

1701

Whales 4 Barrels blubber 180 Quardelen whale oil

1702

Whales 5 Barrels blubber 180 Quardelen whale oil

1703

Whales 2 Barrels blubber 60 Quardelen whale oil

1705

Whales 11.5 Barrels blubber 360 Quardelen whale oil

1706

Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0 Quardelen whale oil

1707

Whales 0 Barrels blubber 0 Quardelen whale oil

Source

Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written notes until 1794.

Belgian sailing vessel Op Stok 3 2002-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Belgium--flagged, homeport Antwerp, Belgium, MMISI 205256900, call sign OS2569 and B407862. Sloop rigged. 

British sailing transport Arthur the Great in the Crimean War on 28-10-1854

According to a list of the return of the disposition in the Black Sea on 28 October 1854 drawn up by Captain and Principal Agent of Transports P. Christie, “Melbourne”, Balaklava, Crimea: number transport 28, present position Balaklava, remarks waiting or orders, regimental baggage on board.

The Crimean War found place between 16 October 1853-30 March 1856 between Ottoman Empire, France, United Kingdom and Sardinia at one side and Russia and Greece on the other side. The British Government chartered a large number of merchant ships for transporting troops and stores.

Source

Reports from Committees: eight volumes. 3-Part II. Army before Sebastopol. Session 12 December 1854-14 August 1855. Vol. IX-Part II. 

Dutch sailing pilot cutter Eems No. 1 1997-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Netherlands-flagged, homeport Delfzijl, Netherlands. Built between 1997-2004 under a work-experience project as a historically accurate replica of a wooden replica of a cutter wrecked during a heavy storm north of Schiermonnikoog, Netherlands. 

American sailing sealing ship General Putnam between 1828-1930

Antarctic sealing ground African coast. Of Newburyport, Massachusetts, USA. Rigging schooner. Caught in 1828 or 1829 1,500 seal-skins. Condemned at Rio Janeiro, Brazil on 31 March 1829 or 1830.  

Source

Goode, George Brown. The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States. Section V. History and methods of the fisheries. Volume II, Washington, 1887. (1978).

German sailing training vessel Esprit 1995-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Germany-flagged, MMSI 211238300 and call sign DLAY. Built by Bremer Bootsbau Vegesack (BBV) Shipyard, Bremen, Germany in 1995. Schooner rigged. Schooneryacht. 

Construction status of the German kriegsfischkutter KFK 923 in 1944

 

©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships dated Berlin 22 May 1944. Built by Dutch shipyards, yet not divided. Date building ordered 4 December 1943. Date completion unknown but estimated 5 Kriegsfischkutters monthly.

Source

Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 152. 

Dutch radiostation (ex-LV 8 1946-1991, Barocca 1991-2001) Lightship Jenni Bayton 2006-

Harlingen, Netherlands 5 July 2026

Former British Light vessel number 8, later converted into the discotheek Barocca , berthed between 1991-2000 in the Wijnhaven, Rotterdam and then laid up at Moerdijk, Netherlands and later in the Waalhaven, Rotterdam. Towed in June 2005 to Harlingen where she was modernized and converted into a floating radio station. Ordered by TRinity House, London, England in November 1946, launched by Philip&Son, Dartmouth, England with yard number 1171 on 15 October 1948, Kentish Knock station 1949-1953, Sunk station 1956-1959, Dudgeon Station 1959-1962, Outer Gabbard Station 1962-1965, Tongue station 1965-1975, sold and became discotheek Barocca in Rotterdam and renamed Jenni Bayton on 22 July 2006. 

Portuguese galleon Nossa Senhora da Conceicao 1649-1651

Of the Companhia Geral do Comercio do Estado do Brasil, mentioned between 1649-1651, 300 tons, 24 guns.

Source

A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.

Russian nuclear cruise-missile submarine K-456 (ex-Ksatka 1992-1996, Vilyuchinck 1996-2011) Tver 2011-

Project 661Anchaer/NATO: Papa-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com


Project 949A Antey/NATO: Oscar II-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of Project 949A Antey called by the NATO Oscar II preceded by the Papa- and Charlie-classes and succeeded by the Yasen-class. Totally were 20 submarines of Project 949-949A planned of which six were cancelled (four were even never laid down). A fourth-generation follow-on was planned but never realized. In 2011 was a modernisation announced under Project 949AM to be realized by the Rubin Design Bureau cooperating with the Zvedocja and Zvezda shipyards. Designed for attacking NATO carrier battle groups with her 24 P-700 Granit (the SS-N-19 Shipwreck) cruise missiles. During the modernization was replacement of the Granit cruise missiles planned by 72 3M-54 Kalibr or P-800 Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles. Laid down at Sevmash on 9 February 1988, launched on 28 June 1991, commissioned on 18 August 1992, fate since 2016 unknown, part of the Pacific Fleet.

Sources

Breemer, Jan. Soviet submarines. Design, Development and Tactics, 1989

Breyer, S. and N. Polmar. Guide to the Soviet Navy, 2nd edition.

Jordan, J. Soviet submarines 1945 to the present.

Kouznetsov, N. La Marine sovietique en guerre 1941-1945.

Pavlov, A.S. Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945-1995.

Polmar N. and J. Noot. Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies 1718-1990.

Schulz-Troge, U. Die sowjetische Kriegsmarine.

Jane’s Fighting Ships several editions.

Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Oscar-class submarines  dated 11 April 2026 15:53 o’clock

Russian ships info dated 12 April 2026 19:46 o’clock.