Confusion of names: Greenland whaling = Spitsbergen/Svalbard whaling and Davis Strait whaling= Greenland whaling

Boiling whale oil, probably Amsterdam Eiland, Spitsbergen. 

Mountain left probably Jan Mayen-eiland (Beerenberg).

Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. Cornelis de Man

People in the 17th and 18th centuries held a different geographical view than people today. This means that when we speak of “Greenland whaling”, “the term “Greenland” actually refers to Svalbard, whereas “Davis Strait” refers to whaling off the coast of present-day Greenland. The Davis Strait is a southern arm of the Arctic Ocean that lies north of the Labrador Sea. It lies between mid-western Greenland and Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada. 

Norwegian general cargo ship (ex-Northern Liftnes 1996-2002) Wilson Grip 2002-

Canal Gent, Belgium-Terneuzen, Netherlands 12-9-2026

Bahamas-flagged, homeport Nassau, IMO 9126912, MMSI 311001799 and call sign C6IX4. Owner Wilson Shipowning AS, manager Wilson Ship Management AS, both at Bergen, Norway. Built by Slovenske Lodenice, Komarno, Slovakia in 1996. Barbados-flagged between 2021-2026. 

French Minister for Marine ordered building of 4-18,350 ton battleships according to the Australian newspaper The Sydney Morning Herald dated Tuesday 1 January 1907

 République-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Liberté-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Danton-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

British HMS Dreadnought©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

An item reported that the French Minister for Marine (1) ordered the building of 4-18,350 ton battleships costs 50,000,000 francs for each battleships and an armament of 12-30.48cm/12” guns. Planned was the building in a later stadium of an additional two battleships.(2) Originally the armament was to consist of 4-12” and 12-9.45” which the French believed was not inferior to the 12-12” guns of the British battleship HMS Dreadnought, but after a reconsideration was chosen for an uniform main armament. The speed was 19 knots, 3 knots less as the turbine driven HMS Dreadnought, but France found turbine propulsion too expensive. Still were the costs of the French battleship 2,000,000 higher compared with the 1,750,000 pound sterling of the Dreadnought.

Notes

1. Gaston Thomson (29 January 1848 Oran, Algeria-14 May 1932 Bône/Annaba, Algeria), Minister of Marine between 24 January 1905-22 October 1908.

2. Under the Fleet Law of 1900 were six pre-dreadnought battleships built. namely the 14,870 ton République-class (République and Patrie) and the Liberté class (Liberté, Justice, Vérité, and Démocratie). Preceded by Suffren and succeeded by the Danton-class semi-dreadnought-battleships. 

Japanese destroyer Tanikaze 1918-1945

Kawakaze-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Momi-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

battleship Nagato©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Tenryu-class cruisers©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of Kawakaze-class consisting of the Kawkaze and Tanikaze preceded by Enoki-class succeeded by Momi-class. Built under the 8-4 Fleet Program Fiscal Year 1915 and able to escort the battleship Nagato and both Tenryu-class cruisers. Originally intended to be a follow-on version of the Isokaze-class design but nevertheless modified and afar more powerful. Launched by Maizuru Naval Arsenal on 20 July 1918, completed on 30 January 1919, decommissioned on 1 April 1935, hulked and renamed Hai Kan No. 19, reclassified as training ship for Kaiten manned torpedoes in 1944, scuttled as breakwater at Kure and broken up after 1945

Joseph Hatch started business in sea elephant and penguin oil on Macquarie Island according to the Australian newspaper The Argus dated Friday 19 July 1912

An item reported that Mr. Joseph Hatch leased Macquarie Island from the Tasmanian government. He intended to establish a business in sea elephant and penguin oil. His headquarters were to be located at Hobart Town instead of a harbour in New Zealand. He bought the brigantine Rachael Cohen which exchanged Adelaide for Hobart as homeport. To befitted out herself with oil fuelled engines for the first voyage towards Macquarie Island was she to transport 500 casks of oil to Hobart. The Daily Telegraph dated Wesnesday 28 July 1915 mentioned the company adding that the treatment plant was located at Hobart. The Rachel Cohen would leave on short notice the Bluff for Macquarie Island to load there oil for Hobart. Except for the transport of oil was she used for transporting general cargo between Hobart and the Bluff. 

German interested in artificial fog to be used for war purposes according to the Australian newspaper The Labor Daily dated Wednesday 29 December 1926

An item reported that German chemists developed a method to produce artificial fog on large scale which could be used for naval or land warfare. It became for the enemy (nearly) impossible to see the movements of ships or men. The first experiments were successfully executed at the harbour of Swinemünde, Germany while the fortress could not be seen in the impenetrable mist. Experiments done by the German army resulted in a fog with a maximum sight of 2 yards ahead. An eminent British professor however stated that this was not a new invention. He thought that “what the Germans had probably done was to make such fog on a large scale cheaply and conveniently”, probably a new chemical smoke using a new method. Some British aircraft were also able to create a fox-bank allowing to disappear out of sight. 

French destroyer Tigre 1923-1955

Admiral Sénés.©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Chacal-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Guépard-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of the Chacal or Jaguar-class succeeded by Guépard-class, main task was to act as scouts for the battle line. Total six build. In the designing process was a 1,780 tons design armed with 5-10cm.3.8” guns of early 1920 not approved by the French Parliament. A new design was made on base of the designs of the Italian Leone-class and the German destroyer SM 113 which was after the First World War handed over to France as war reparations and commissioned in the French navy as Admiral Sénés. The new design was approved under the 1922 Naval Law. Ordered on 26 February 1923. Laid down by Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne, Nantes, France on 18 September 1923, launched on 2 August 1924, commissioned/completed on 1 February 1926, taken into service on 7 February 1926, captured by German forces in November 1942, handed over the Italian Navy after 27 November 1942, commissioned as the FR23 on 19 January 1943, returned to Free France on 28 October 1943, troop transport until end 1946, stationary gunnery training ship until mid 1948, decommissioned in September 1948, hulked, stricken on 4 January 1954 and broken up in 1955. 

British screw steam transport Faith in the Crimean War on 8 December 1854

According to a list of the return of the disposition in the Black Sea on 8 December 1854 drawn up by Captain and Principal Agent of Transports P. Christie, “Harbinger”, Balaklava, Crimea: number transport -. , present position Varna,Bulgaria remarks commissariat store ship. The Crimean War found place between 16 October 1853-30 March 1856 between Ottoman Empire, France, United Kingdom and Sardinia at one side and Russia and Greece on the other side. The British Government chartered a large number of merchant ships for transporting troops and stores.

Source

Reports from Committees: eight volumes. 3-Part II. Army before Sebastopol. Session 12 December 1854-14 August 1855. Vol. IX-Part II. 

British screw steam transport Jura in the Crimean War on 8 December 1854

According to a list of the return of the disposition in the Black Sea on 8 December 1854 drawn up by Captain and Principal Agent of Transports P. Christie, “Harbinger”, Balaklava, Crimea: number transport -, present position Corfu, Greece, remarks sailed from Balaklava on 4 December for 34th Regiment. The Crimean War found place between 16 October 1853-30 March 1856 between Ottoman Empire, France, United Kingdom and Sardinia at one side and Russia and Greece on the other side. The British Government chartered a large number of merchant ships for transporting troops and stores.

Source

Reports from Committees: eight volumes. 3-Part II. Army before Sebastopol. Session 12 December 1854-14 August 1855. Vol. IX-Part II. 

Italian destroyer Turbine 1925-1943 and German TA 15 1943-1944

©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of Turbine-class preceded by Sauro-class succeeded by Navigatori-class. Identification code TR. Laid down by Odero, Sestri-Ponente on 24 March 1925, launched on 21 April 1927, completed on 27 August 1927, captured by German foces on 9 September 1943, commissioned as TA 14 on 29 October 1943, served as escort and sunk by rockets of USAAF aircraft in Salamis, Greece on 16 September 1944. 

Construction status of the German kriegsfischkutter KFK 1028 in 1944

©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships dated Berlin 22 May 1944. Built in Adriatic area. Date building ordered 15 April 1944. Date completion November 1944.

Source

Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 152. 

The armament of the Dutch merchant ship Van Honthorst in the Second World War

According to the list and supplements 1-2 on 13 September 1945 BDZ No. 673sent by the office of armament the Royal Netherlands Navy located at 41 East 42nd Street, New York 17, USA. There were no complete records available, so there were several sources used to compile the list. Sometimes the kind of guns gave indirect information regarding the origin such as 4”/BL and 12 pounder guns were British mostly supplied in the United Kingdom, Canada or Curacao. The 4.7” guns were old Japanese guns placed on some vessels in the begin of the war at Singapore and some 4” guns in the same period at Surabaya, Dutch East Indies. The trade in which the ship was used gave also an indication were the guns were supplied, for example involved in the Pacific trade means supplied at the West Coast.

All guns on board were British, no American guns supplied

Source

Archieven van hoofd handelsbescherming en diverse handelsbeschermingsofficieren 1941-1946 inv.no. 53 (Nationaal Archief, The Hague, Netherlands. 

Turkish destroyer Tinaztepe 1930-1954

©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of Tinaztepe-class preceded by Adatepe-class. Purchased by Turkey while under construction for the Italian navy. Italian Folgore-class version. Laid down in May 1930, launched by C.T. Riva Trigoso, Riva Trigoso, Italy on 6 June/20 July or 27 July 1931, commissioned on 6 June 1932 and decommissioned in February 1953 or 1954. Still mentioned in Jane’s Fighting Ships 1956/1957. Sources supplied different data. 

Sale of 1/32 share in the Dutch whaler de Vrouw Helena at Amsterdam, Netherlands in 1767

An item mentioned that ship brokers A. Kramp, C. van der Glas and M. Kly sold at Nieuwezyds Heeren Logement at Amsterdam, Netherlands on Monday 12 October 1767 1/32 share in Dutch fluytship de Vrouw Helena, commandeur Daniel Claasz Meyser, built in 1733, length 113 1.2 feet, 125 guilders, J. Boelema.(1)

Note

1. Greenland commandeur between 1750-1759, 1765-1770 and 1774-1775, in 1767 for Robbert Macreel, Amsterdam: 2 whales-75 barrels blubber-101 quardelen whale oil. Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written notes until 1794.

Source

De Maandelyksche Nederlandsche Mercurius, Volume 22, October part 1, Amsterdam, 1767.

People in the 17th and 18th centuries held a different geographical view than people today. This means that when we speak of “Greenland whaling”, “the term “Greenland” actually refers to Svalbard, whereas “Davis Strait” refers to whaling off the coast of present-day Greenland. The Davis Strait is a southern arm of the Arctic Ocean that lies north of the Labrador Sea. It lies between mid-western Greenland and Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada.

Sale of 1/32 part in the Dutch whaler de Vrouw Cornelia at Amsterdam, Netherlands in 1767

An item mentioned that ship brokers A. Kramp, C. van der Glas and M. Kly sold at Nieuwezyds Heeren Logement at Amsterdam, Netherlands on Monday 12 October 1767 1/32 part in Dutch fluytship de Vrouw Cornelia and whaling tools of commandeur Barent Pietersz, built in 1755, length 112 feeet, 350 guilders, H. van der Meulen(1)

Note

1. Greenland commandeur between 1756-1771, in 1767 for Leendert van der Meulen 1.5 whale-60 barrels blubber-96 quardelen whale oil. Alphabetische naam-lyst van alle de Groenlandsche en Straat-Davidsche Commandeurs die sedert het jaar 1700 op Groenland en sedert het jaar 1719 op de Straat Davis etc. Gerret van Sant. Published by Johannes Enschede, Amsterdam 1770, with hand written notes until 1794.

Source

De Maandelyksche Nederlandsche Mercurius, Volume 22, October part 1, Amsterdam, 1767.

People in the 17th and 18th centuries held a different geographical view than people today. This means that when we speak of “Greenland whaling”, “the term “Greenland” actually refers to Svalbard, whereas “Davis Strait” refers to whaling off the coast of present-day Greenland. The Davis Strait is a southern arm of the Arctic Ocean that lies north of the Labrador Sea. It lies between mid-western Greenland and Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada.

Japanese destroyer Hatsuzuki (Ship No. 107) 1941-1944

Akizuki subclass©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Russian Vol'ny former Japanese Matsu-class Shii©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of Akizuki-class or B-class destroyer consisting of Akizuki (Project 51), Fuyutsuki (Project 51) and Michitsuki (Project 53) subclasses preceded by Yugumo-class succeeded by Matsu-class. Part of Akuziki-subclass. Built under the Maru 4 Programme. Laid down by Maizuru Naval Arsenal on 25 July 1941, launched on 3 April 1942, completed on 29 December 1942, sunk in the Battle of Cape Engano and stricken on 10 December 1944. 

American whaler Isaac Hicks visited Honolulu, Hawaii according to the newspaper The Polynesian dated 29 October 1853

An item reported the arrival at Honolulu, Hawaii on 26 October of the American whaler Isaac Hicks master Skinner coming from the Arctic 950 barrels whale oil 11,000 lbs bone.

American whaler Mechanic visited Honolulu, Hawaii according to the newspaper The Polynesian dated 29 October 1853

An item reported the arrival at Honolulu, Hawaii on 26 October of the American whaler Mechanic master Corey coming from Ochotsk 850 barrels whale oil 16,000 lbs bone.

American destroyer USS Henley DD-39 1911-1934

Flusser, Smith-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Roe, Paulding-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Duncan, Cassin-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of Paulding-class (DD 22-42) preceded by Smith-class succeeded by Cassin-class. Some times DD 24-28, 30-31, 33 and 36 are considered as the Roe-class and DD 32,35 and 38-42 as Monaghan-class. Silhouettes differs while the DD 24-27, 30-32, 34, 36-37 and 40 possessed 3 instead of 4 funnels, with the middle funnel being larger with two boiler uptakes trunked together. The edition Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I called the class instead of Paulding-class the Drayton-class which was unofficially also known as the Flivver Type. Laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, Massachusetts, USA on 17 July 1911, launched on 3 April 1912, commissioned on 6 December 1912, decommissioned on 12 December 1919, transferred to the US Coast Guard on 16 May 1924, commissioned as Henley CG-12 on 14 November 1924, decommissioned and returned to the navy on 30 January 1931, stricken on 5 July 1934 and sold Michael Flynn Inc., Brooklyn, New York, USA to be broken up on 22 August 1934. 

Portuguese cutter Coroa 1786-1791

Required in 1786, last mentioned in 1791, armament of 20 guns.

Source

A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.

Portuguese chaloupe Nossa Senhora do Monte do Carmo 1787-1794

Mentioned between 1787-1794, armament of 11-12 guns.

Source

A. Marques Esparteira. Catalogo dos navios brigantinos (1640-1901). Lisboa, 1976.

French destroyer Vautour 1930-1944 (1951)

Guépard-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Aigle-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Vauquelin-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of Aigle-class destroyers preceded by Guépard-class succeeded by Vauquelin-class. Laid down by Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée, La Seyne, France on 21 February 1929, launched on 26 August 1930, completed on 2 May 1932, scuttled at Toulon, France on 27 November 1942, salvaged in 1943, sunk during an Allied air attack on 4 February 1944 and broken up in situ in 1951. 

Whaler Venus reported according to the Australian newspaper The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser dated Thursday 27 March 1834

An item reported the arrival of the schooner Columbine returning from New Zealand on 26 March. She reported from the Bay of Islands that the whaler Governor Bourke reported the Venus, 5 January, 300 barrels oil. 

Whaler Achiles reported according to the Australian newspaper The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser dated Thursday 27 March 1834

An item reported the arrival of the schooner Columbine returning from New Zealand on 26 March. She reported from the Bay of Islands that the whaler Governor Bourke reported the Achilles, 14 months out, 900 barrels oil. 

Russian battleship Sevastopol 1892-1905

Petropavlovsk©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Rostislav©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

American Indiana-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Part of Petropavlovsk-class or sometimes called Poltava-class consisting of the Poltava, Sevastopol and Petropavlovsk, preceded by Sissoi Veliky (built 1891-18966) and succeeded by Rostislav(1894-1900). The design process started with the Imperator Nikolai I (1886-1891) although replacing the gun turrets by barbettes. To avoid the problems with the casemate-mounted secondary armament with the Imperator Aleksandr II (1885-1891) in rough was chosen with the gun layout of the American Indiana-class battleships where the turret mounted armament was position on the upper deck. Laid down by Galernii Island Shipyard, Saint Petersburg, Russia on 19 May 1892, launched on 1 June 1895, completed in 1899, in service in 1900, badly damaged in the Battle of the Yellow Sea against the Japanese fleet, seeking refugee at Port Arthur and there scuttled to prevent capture by the Japanese on 2 January 1905. 

Construction status of the German kriegsfischkutter KFK 1027 in 1944

©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships dated Berlin 22 May 1944. Built in Adriatic area. Date building ordered 15 April 1944. Date completion November 1944.

Source

Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 152. 

Austria planning the building of a torpedo battleship according to the Australian newspaper The Telegraph dated Wednesday 6 October 1909

Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

An item reported that Austrian naval experts designed a huge heavily armored ship armed with 30 torpedo tubes: 12 in front of the foremost funnel, 8 between the for and midship funnels and 8 between the after-midship funnel and the aft smokestack and a couple right aft. Furthermore she was armed with guns ‘better than our 4.7” gun’ for anti-torpedoboat attacks and destroying merchant ships. Bulging sides, rounding decks all heavily armoured and with a speed 3 knots faster as any existing big gun ship. "If constructed on the lines described in the Austrian semi-official naval paper (1) she will present a curious appearance at sea, lying fairly low in the water, with four large funnels, three together forward and one right aft, a light superstructure, and masts, with only her 22 guns showing as her armament. Her turbines and boilers will develop 36,000 horsepower, tonnage will be approximately 15,000 tons, and her cost is estimated at £ 1,500,000.”(2)

Notes

1. Tiburón, ‘Torpedoschlachtschiffe’, in: Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete des Seewesens, 1909, volume II. He supplied the following details: displacement 15,250 ton and as dimensions 150 (maximum) x 23 (maximum) x 7.9 metres. Speed 24 knots. Parsons turbines and Belleville boilers-propulsion delivering 36,000 ihp. Range 2,000 nautical miles/18 knots. Armament 30-45cm Whitehead torpedo tubes, 20x1-12cm L50 quick firing guns, 2-12xm L45 quickfiring guns in casemates and 10-5.7cm L 50 guns. Carried with her 60 torpedoes, 3,000 shots for 12cm guns and 2,500 shots for 5.7cm guns.

2. Not mentioned in the Naval Annual 1909. This publication mentioned just the building of the torpedo cruiser Admiral Spaun with a displacement of 3,500 tons and as dimensions 411 x 42 feet. |Apparently a never realized project. 

American design 70,00 tons battleship dated 13 December 1916

©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Design requested by the Senate and handed over on 14 February 1917. Senator Benjamin R. Tillman (1) of South Carolina supported the call for a design of a battleship of maximum size still available to pass the Panama Canal and us existing facilities. Never realized. Displacement 70,000 tons and as dimensions 975 (waterline) x 103 (waterline) x 32.9 feet. Electric Drive propulsion, 18 boiler rooms, horsepower 65,000 ehp at 26.5 knots, tange 12,000 nautical miles/10 knots. Maximum speed 26.5 knots.

Armament 4x6-40.64cm/16”50 cal guns, 21-12.7cm/5”quick firing guns, 7.62mc/3”high powered anti aircraft guns and 4-53.34cm 21” submerged torpedo tubes.

Armor. Main side belt maximum withe 19’10 1/2”, depth below waterline 9 feet, thickness 13”-13”-9”. Barbettes heavy part 17”, light part 4”. Turrets thickness port 20”, sides 14.11”, top 6”, rear 10”.Conning tower thickness 18”, top 9”? Tower tube heavy part 18”, light part 6”. Uptake protection thickness 13-10-7”. Protective deck middle 5”, after 6 1/2”. Cost hull 17,200,000, machinery 7,700,000=total C.M. 24,900,000.

Total normal displacement 70,000 tons

Hull 33,613

Hull fittings including 800 ton for gyro stabilizers 3,000

Protection 17,796

Steam engineering 5,000

Reserve feed 900

Battery 2,850

Ammunition 2,000

Equipment 775

Outfit and 2/3 stores 1,050

Fuel oil, 2/3 full supply 3,000

Margin 16

Rest of details on sheet not copied.

Note

1. Benjamin Ryan Tillman (11 August 1847-3 July 1918), Democratic Party plotician, governor of South Carolina 1890-1894 and senator 1895-1918. See for instance: Construction of battleships. Remarks of Hon. Benjamin R. Tillman,... relative to the construction of 60,000-ton battleships; also copy of a Senate resolution instructing the Committee on Naval Affairs to make an investigation of the matter, together with an article entitled "Build the Limit," by Commander W.A. Moffett, United States Navy. Presented by Mr. Tillman. June 20, 1916.

Source

Naval History and Heritage Command. Bureau of Ships Spring Styles Book 1 1911-1925. S-584-107. Preliminary design 171.

Italian naval engineer Cuniberti designing submarine dreadnought around 1913

An item reported the death of the Italian general Cunberti (1), which famous naval architect deserves all credits for initiating the dreadnought idea. At the time of his depth he seemed to be working on the design of a submarine dreadnought in which the big guns were replaced by torpedo tubes.

Note

1. The naval engineer Vittorio Emanuele Cuniberti (1854 Turin, Italy-20 December 1913 Rome, Italy), known for his 1903 vision of the all big gun battleship, first realized as the British HMS Dreadnought. Probably is this design the same he made for a torpedo battleship,

Source

Journal of the United States Artillery. Volume 41, 194. 

French Minister of Marine De Lanessan wanted to built armoured cruisers in stead of battleships in 1900

République-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Liberté class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

Danton-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com

An item reported that the Commission of Budget examined the Naval Estimates of France and discussed with the Minister of Marine the proposed new building of 2-14,865 tons battleships, building costs each 35 million francs/1,400,00 pound sterling.(1) The Commission asked the Minister to spread the costs for the first year on the other ships now under construction. Later responded De Lanessan (2) while proposing to replace the two battleships by 2-12,400 armoured cruisers to be built at Brest and Toulon and which were similar to one cruiser already mentioned on the list and which was to be built at Cherbourg. The building costs of the proposed armoured cruisers was each 28 million francs/1,120,00 pound sterling. The Commission refused this replacement in view of the “exterior Political Situation” and wanted that the money at disposal was to be used to accelerate the construction of ships already started. She decided not to vote the credits asked for. Former Minister of Marine Lockroy (3) sent an amendment to the Naval Budget to the Chamber in which he divided the budget of 500 million francs/10,000,000 pound sterling of which one half for fleet and torpedo boats including the battle of battleships. Lockroy made clear that the battleships were not to have an “enormous tonnage and extravagant cost, like those proposed, and which are nevertheless inferior in artillery and speed” to similar British battleships.

Notes

1. Under the Fleet Law of 1900 were six pre-dreadnought battleships built. namely the 14,870 ton République-class (République and Patrie) and the Liberté class (Liberté, Justice, Vérité, and Démocratie). Preceded by Suffren and succeeded by the Danton-class semi-dreadnought-battleships.

2. Jean-Marie Antoine de Lanessan (13 July 1843 Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France 7 November 1919 Écouen, France), Minister of Marine 22 June 1899-7 June 1902. Reformer of the French naval construction under the 1900 naval program.

3. Édouard Lockroy (18 July 1838 Paris-22 November 1913), French politician. Criticized the policy of Camille Pelletan Minister of Marine June 1902-January 1905 in the cabinet of Émile Combes. As a persistent supporter of a strong naval policy Lockroy wrote several books like La Défense navale (1900), Les Marines française et allemande (1904) and Le Programme naval (1906).

Source

Journal of the Royal United Service Institution. Volume XLIV. January-June 1900, p. 73-.

Dutch inland tanker Panera 2013-

Canal Gent, Belgium-Terneuzen, Netherlands 12-9-2026

Netherlands-flagged, homeport Zwartsluis, ENI 02335420, MMSI 244790535 and call sign PA4720. Built by Kherson Shipyard, Kherson, Ukraine and completed by Dockside B.V., Rotterdam, Netherlands in 2013.

British merchant ship Empress chartered for the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882

Between July-September 1882 was the United Kingdom in war with Egyptian and Sudanese troops ending in the British occupation of Egypt. The British government chartered between July-August a lot of merchant steamships for transporting troops, stores etc. from the United Kingdom to Egypt including the Empress.

Source

The Nautical Magazine. Fifty-first year. Volume VII. July 1882. 

The armament of the Dutch merchant ship V.d. Helst in the Second World War

According to the list and supplements 1-2 on 13 September 1945 BDZ No. 673sent by the office of armament the Royal Netherlands Navy located at 41 East 42nd Street, New York 17, USA. There were no complete records available, so there were several sources used to compile the list. Sometimes the kind of guns gave indirect information regarding the origin such as 4”/BL and 12 pounder guns were British mostly supplied in the United Kingdom, Canada or Curacao. The 4.7” guns were old Japanese guns placed on some vessels in the begin of the war at Singapore and some 4” guns in the same period at Surabaya, Dutch East Indies. The trade in which the ship was used gave also an indication where the guns were supplied, for example involved in the Pacific trade means supplied at the West Coast.

All guns on board were British, no American guns supplied

Source

Archieven van hoofd handelsbescherming en diverse handelsbeschermingsofficieren 1941-1946 inv.no. 53 (Nationaal Archief, The Hague, Netherlands. 

Luxembourg owned inland tanker Boxster 2022-

Canal Gent, Belgium-Terneuzen, Netherlands 12-9-2026

Belgium-flagged, ENI 06105756, MMSI 205419290 and call sign OT4192. Completed by P.C. Kamp. Aalst in 2022.

American whaler Waverly visited Honolulu, Hawaii according to the newspaper The Polynesian dated 13 November 1852

Biodiversity Heritage Library

An item reported the arrival at Honolulu, Hawaii on 10 November of the American whaler Waverly master Kempton 25 barrels sperm oil 1,200 barrels whale oil 15,000 lbs bone