Turkey-flagged, MMSI 271033125. Ordered on 1 June 2015, construction at the Shipyard of Sedef Shipbuilding, Istanbul, Started on 30 April 2016, keel laid down on 7 February 2018, launched on 30 April 2019 and commissioned on 10 April 2023. Modified Juan Carlos I-class.
Design 16,000 tons battleship. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
British pre-dreadnought HMS Lord Nelson. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
There was just two forms of defence agansit a submarine attacking a target with her torpedoes. One was to destroy the submarine herself or improve the protection of the target, especially the bottom of the surface ship. In his article described Biles (1) some designs of battleships which should be able to keep fighting even after being torpedoed by a 21” torpedo. One of the solutions was to armor the bottom resulting in reducing her speed with 2 knots. The newest battleships had a form with a low resistance to forward motion. His idea was to develop a form better adapted to fitting and carrying armor despiter creating greater resistance or a reducing speed.
One design he suggested was a battleship with a displacement of 16,000 tons and as dimensions 434 (between perpendiculars)-460 (over all) x 80 (extreme) x 24 feet. Speed 18 knots. Armament consisted of 3x2-14” guns and 16-5” guns. The armor consisted on side at waterline 5”, above water line 5”, under the waterline 4”, on casemate 2”, on barbettes 5” and with 2” thick protective deck-plating. The reduced armor coudl resist 6” projectiles. She was sufficiently well armored above the waterline. The sections below the waterline were straight with a circular arc at the end to simplify the armor contruction of the bottom. This design was about the displacement of the British battleship HMS Nelson (2) which was sometimes called a dreadnought.
Notes
1. Sir John Harvard Biles (1854-1933) was Professor of Naval Architecture at the University of Glasgow, Scotland between 1891-1921.
2. Of the Lord Nelson-class pre-dreadnought battleships preceded by Swiftsure-class succeeded by HMS Dreadnought with a displacement of 15,604 ( normal)-18,106 (deep load) tons. Dimensions 443.6 (over all) x 79.6 x 30 (extra deep load), speed 19 knots and armament 2x2-30.5cm/12” guns, 10 (4x2&2x1) 23.4cm/9.2” guns, 24x1-12-odr 76mm/3” guns, 12x1-3pdr 47mm/1.9” guns and 5-45cm/18” torpedo tubes.
Sources
Biles, sir John. “Battleship protection against submarine. Proposed increase of armor at the expense of decrease in speed” in Journal of the United States Artillery, volume 42, 1914.
Idem. “On the Protection of Battleships against Submarine Attack” in: Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, 9 July 1914.
T. G. Owens. “Some questions to battleship design” in: Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, 9 April 1914.
,_KCB,_CMG,_CVO,_DSO'.jpg)
Sketch of Vice Admiral Sir Roger Keyes (1872–1945), KCB, CMG, CVO, DSO, by the British painter Glyn Warren Philpot, 1918.
Courtesy of the collection of the Imperial War Museums.
The American Consulate at Valetta, Malta wrote the US State of Secretary on 10 January 1928 No. 223 that the British Mediterranean Fleet under admiral Sir George Keyes (1) was to depart from Malta on 16 January for exercises and afterwards to be splitted into divisions for a cruise to the Levant. The entire fleet was to reassemble at Malta on 2 February. The Second Destroyer Flotilla was to arrive at Drepano, Greece on 19 January, leaving on 31 January and arriving at Malta on 2 February.
Note
1. Roger John Brownlow Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes (4 October 1872 Punjab, British India-26 December 1945 Tingewick, United Kingdom). served in the Royal Navy between 1885-1935 and 1940-1941 ending his career in the rank of Admiral of the Fleet.
Source
National Archives. Record Group 64: Records of the National Archives and Records Administration Series: Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Great Britain. Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: 841.315 THRU 841.31553 THRU Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: Movement of Naval Vessels: 841.33 - 841.3311/64. Microcopy 580 roll 92.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Algerine-class minesweepers preceded by Bangor-class succeeded by Ton-class. Totally 110 built (United Kingdom 50, Canada 60). Laid down by Redfern Construction Company, Toronto, Canada with yard number 55 on 30 October 1943, launched on, 16 February 1944, completed on 14 October 1944, given to the Royal Ceylon Navy in 1949, commissioned as HMCyS Vijaya in 1951, part of the Sri Lanka Navy since 1972 and broken up in 1975.
The Commissioner of the United States at Riga, Latvia supplied the Secretary of State at Washingto n, USA on 23 February 1922 more details about the condition of Russian warships. Part of Destroyer Squadron of the Baltic Fleet. Azard, Orfei, Pobeditz, Yzilmenev, Garibaldi and Desna were all in full commission. During the speed trials in last fall developed all ships a speed of 24 knots while using 3 boilers. Further more consisted the squadron of the Guidamak, Amuretz, Usuriets and 2 smaller French type torpedo boats, all in fairly good condition and able to develope a speed of 14 knots with 2 boilers during speed trials.
Source
Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1910-29. Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: 861.30 .(861.31 Naval Maneuvers; 851.32 Personnel); 861.33 Movements of Navy Vessels; 861.34 Equipment and Supplies): 861.39 - 861.345. Micro film 316 roll 92.
River-class ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Loch-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Modified River-class hull and improved armament. Of this class were 28 ships built and 54 cancelled. To be built by Harland & Wolff. Cancelled in 1945.
Sources
Jane’s Fighting Ships 1944-1945
David K. Brown. Nelson to Vanguard. Warship design and development 1923-1945.
David K. Brown. Atlantic Escorts. Ships, Weapons and Tactics in World War II.
J.J.. Colledge/Ben Warlow. Ships of the Royal Navy. The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present.
Norman Friedman. British Destroyers&Frigates/ The Second World War and After.
Leo Marriott. Royal Navy Frigates since 1945. 2nd edition.
G.M. Stephen. British warship designs since 1906.
A.W. Watson. ‘Corvettes and frigates’ in: Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, 1947, p. 165-185
According to a letter dated Zagreb 4 November 1943 were the vessels of the customs service in April 1941 mainly at Split or other Croatian harbours under Croatian flag until July 1941 when the Italian took over the vessels for war purposes. Efforts to keep at least some of the vessels for security reasons off the Croatian coast were denied by the Italian government claiming the vessels were taken as Yugoslavian prizes despite during 4 being months Croatia-flagged and Italy would protect the Croatian coastline. Gross register tonnage 20 tons.(1)
Note
1. The Independent State of Croatia was established after Yugoslavia was captured by Italy and Germany on 10 April 1941. This state was first an Italian Protectorate between 1941-1943 and then a German puppet state between 1943-1945.
Source
Bundesarchiv TM-12-II/4
Zr.Ms. Atjeh. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Of the Atjeh-class protected cruiser or screw steamships 1st class preceded by the Zilveren Kruis-class. The first design dated from 1874 in which a ship was described of 72.00 (between perpendiculars)-11.32 x 5.66 metres and a displacement of 2,345 tons. The final design dated from 18 December 1874. The dimensions were now 70,00 (between perpendiculars)-92.00 (over all) x 12.50 x 10.00 (hold) x 5.56 (fore maximum)-6.10 (aft maximum) metres and a load displacement of 3,180 tons.Eight ships were planned of which 6 were completed (Atjeh 1875-1877, Tromp 1875-1882, Koningin Emma der Nederlanden 1876-1880, De Ruyter 1879-1885, Van Speyk 1880-1887 and Johan Willem Friso 1883-1880) and 2 lost by fire (Kortenaer 1882-1883), Doggersbank 1881-1883), all built by the Rijkswerf, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Type ‘a’, dimensions 89.0 (between perpendiculars) x 14,85 (maximum) x 5.95 (fore)-6.30 (middle)-6,65 (aft) metres, displacement 4,204 or 5.66-6.01-6.36 metres and 3,934 tons.
Type ‘b’, dimensions 87.54 (between perpendiculars) x 14,60 (maximum) x 5.35 (fore)-6.30 (middle)-6,55 (aft) metres, displacement 4,000 or 5.55-5.90-6.25 metres and 3,730 tons.
Copy sent to the Hoofingenieur Adviseur voor Scheepsbouw on 25 February 1884.
Source
Het Scheepvaartmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands drawing 524736
In a letter dated 13 April 1942 No. 1329 to the O.K.M./1 Abteilung Skl. was the so-called ‘Etappen’-organisation of the navy described. In the attachment were the blockade runners decribed used for this purpose. Motor tanker Nordmeer. Loaded with oil. Left Gijon on 1 August 1940. Arrived at St. Jean de Luz on 19 August 1940. Handed over to Adm. Frkr. [Admiralty France?]
Source
Bundesarchiv RM 7/223
American Connecticut-class battleships. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Turkish Resadiye-class battleships. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
British King George V-class battleships. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
The Ottoman government was in 1910 interested in purchasing two battleships. American shipyards were competing with foreign shipyards among the British were favourite. The US Secretary of State sent on 1 June 1910 a telegram to the Embassy at Constantinople stating that the Ottoman Minister of Marine resigned and that his Ministry an open competition for building Turkish warships favoured. The awards were for the lowest bidder. On 30 June 1910 were letters sent by the Acting Secretary of State to William Cramp and Sons Shipbuilding Company, Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Newport News Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company, New York Shipbuilding Company, the Bethlehem Steel Company and Mr. M.M.A. Smith of the Care Niles, Bennett, Pond Company at New York(1).
With the similar text: “That this Department has been requested by the delomatic representative in this city of a foreign power [the Ottoman Empire] to secure information from American shipsbuilding as to the shortest length of time in which a battleship of the Connecticut class (2) be laid down, launched and equipped”. Such information was asked from all the leading powers [like the United Kingdom and Germany]. The foreign power intended to place an award for building a battleship of the mentioned type to be built within the shortest length of time. The firms were requested for their immediate attention and advice to be able to answer the Ottoman Empire.
The New York Shipbuilding Company wrote on 1 July back that a 16,000 tons battleship Connecticut could be built and delivered in 24 months, fully eqiuipred and ready for service
At the end a Turkish battleship was built by a British shipyard but never delivered.(3)
Notes
1. The Niles-Bement-Pond Company, created in 1899 by merging Niles Tool Works, Bement, Miles&Co, Pond Machine Tool Company and Philadephia Engine Works. Later were Pratt&Whitney, Pratt&Whitney of Canada, John Bertrams&Sons and Ridgway Machine Co., acquired.
2. Part of Connecticut-class preceded by Virginia-class succeeded by Mississippi-class, laid down by New York Navy Yard on 10 March 1903, launched on 29 September 1904, commissioned on 29 September 1906, decommissioned on 1 March 1923, sold to be broken up on 1 November 1923 and stricken on 10 November 1923.
3. The Resadiye-class which were an improved British King George V-class battleships design ordered from Vickers, Armstrong Whitworth. The Fatih Sultan Mehmed was ordered in April 1914 but never completed. The Resadiye (ex-Mehmed Resad V) was seized when the First World War broke out and commissioned in the British Royal Navy as HMS Erin. The Ottoman Empire bought in September 1913 from Brazil the Rio de Janeiro which was renamed Sultan Osman-I Evvel which was seized by in August 1914 and commissioned in the British Royal Navy as HMS Agincourt.
Source
Record Group 64: Records of the National Archives and Records Administration Series: Records of the Department of State Relating to the Internal Affairs of Turkey. Turkey: Naval Affairs, Navy, Naval Vessels: 867.30 - 867.348. Microcopy 353 rol 42.
An item reported that in the harbour of Honolulu, Hawaii was lying the French whaler Ferdinand master Martin.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships by German shipyards in July 1944. Type XXIII. Yard Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Yard number 509. Date building ordered 28 October 1943. Date completion November 1944. Remarks deadlines conform planning.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 147.
An item reported the visit at Lili-Weather Harbor, Strong’s Island on 17 July of the American brig Wm. Pem of San Francisco fitted out at that place for whaling cruise on the line. Captain was J.B. Hussey earlier of the Planter of Nantucket.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships by German shipyards in July 1944. Type XXIII. Yard Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Yard number 508. Date building ordered 28 October 1943. Date completion November 1944. Remarks deadlines conform planning.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 147.
Yacht, E.I.C.-chamber Zealand, on stocks by Bestevaar at E.I.C-yard at Middelburg, Netherlands 1643, launched 18 March 1644.
Sources
Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde oost-indische compagnie der vereenigde Nederlanden ter kamer van Zeeland. Middelburg, 1759.
Archive V.O.C. 1602-1811 inv.no. 11048. Kort gevat Jaarboek van de Edele Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie tec. Christiaan Sigismund Matthaeus, Jan Dane, Middelburg, 1759.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Length 48.6 feet. Operated by the Maritime Safety Board
An item dated Amsterdam, Netherlands 17 August reported the arrival on 14 August at Bremen of the German Greenland whaler Waerheyt 2 whales.
Type ship. Master Woodward. Tonnage 30... tons. Built at Aberdeen in 1795. Owner Greenland Whale Fishing Co. Port where registered Aberdeen.
Source
List of the shipping registered in the different ports of Scotland. Glasgow, 1821.
Luxembourg-flagged, IMO 9731262, MMSI 253000128 and call sign LXAP6. Mexico-flagged 2016-2023, Marshall Islands-flagged, homeport Majuro, MMSI 538010503 and call sign V7A6132 2016-2023, nowadays Luxembourg-flagged. Built by Scheepswerf De Hoop, Lobith-Tolkamer, Netherlands in 2016. Owner/manager Deme Offshore Equipment NV, Luxembourg.
I-40 class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Project S37B. Cruiser submarine Type-B Modified 1-class or I-40 class/Otsu-gata Kai-1, preceded by Junsen Type A succeeded by Junsen Type B. Built under the Maru Kyu Programma as No. 371. Laid down by Kure Naval Arsenal on 18 March 1942, launched on 10 November 1942, completed on 18 Septemver 1943 and sunk by the American destroyer escort USS Lawrence C, Taylor east of the Philippines on 18 November 1944.
On the Afgesloten IJ off the De Ruijterkade, Amsterdam, Netherlands in October 1934
Diary note dated Friday 1 September 1939. An item reported that the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein visiting Danzig, Poland bombarded a Polish ammunition dump at Westerplatte (Danzig). On 4 September he wrote that the guard at the Westerplatte munition dump still not surrendered, The German forces stopped with further heavy attacks, probably fearing a detonation of the enorme storage of munition.(1)
Note
1. Part of Deutschland-class preceded by Braunschweig-class succeeded by Nassau-class, ordered on 11 June 1904, laid down by Germanuawerft, Kiel, Germany on 18 August 1905, launched on 17 December 1906, commissioned on 6 July 1908, decommissioned between 2 May 1917 and 31 January 1926, sunk in a British air attack at Gotenhafen [Gdynia, Poland] in December 1944, scuttled on 21 March 1945, salvaged and beached and used as a target between 1948-1966. Remains nowadays submerged.
Source
National Archives. FDR Presidential Library&Museum Roosevelt PSFC000175. War diary Naval Attaché Berlin, volume 1 (1 September 1939-26 May 1940)
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Reciprocating propulsion. MCC contract number 15770. MCE hull number 2380. Builder’s hull number 165. Operator Seas Shipping. Shipyard J.A. Jones Construction Co. Inc., Brunswick Yard, Georgia. Date contract 22 April 1943. Contracted delivery date 3 August 1944. Laid down on 9 September 1944. Launched on 18 October 1944. Delivered on 31 October 1944.
Note
1. EC=Emergency Cargo, 2=between 20,000-29,999 tons deadweight, S=single screw-C1=basic configuration.
Source
List of completed contracts for the U.S. Maritime Commission (USMC).
Bogatyr-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
The Commissioner of the United States at Riga, Latvia supplied the Secretary of State at Washington, USA on 23 February 1922 more details about the condition of Russian warships. Part of Cruiser Squadron of the Baltic Fleet. During the bombardment of Kronstadt wrecked and no attempt was since then made to salvage her.(1)
Note
1. Laid down by the Admiralty Shipyard, St. Petersburg on 6 July 1902, launched on 14 August 1903, commissioned on 24 June 1904, torpedoed and sunk by the British speedboat CMB-4 attacking Kronstadton 17 June 1919, partly salvaged in 1919 and 1933, what was left in 1983. Part of Bogatyr-class protected cruisers preceded by Askold and succeeded by Novik.
Source
Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1910-29. Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: 861.30 .(861.31 Naval Maneuvers; 851.32 Personnel); 861.33 Movements of Navy Vessels; 861.34 Equipment and Supplies): 861.39 - 861.345. Micro film 316 roll 92.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
On 1930 published the retired USN captain A.M. Procter (8 July 1873 Frankfort, Kentucky, USA- 23 March 1938 Brooklyn, USA) his vision of a diesel-engined design for a cruiser annex aircraft carrier in the June 1930 edition of the US Naval Institue Proceedings. The design was however never realized. It should be a ship with a displacement of 10.000 (standard)-13,500 (full load( tons) with as dimensions 600 ((waterline) x 60 x (depth of hull) feetr. The propulsion was to consist of 4x12 cylinder direct-drive diesels supplying via 4 shafts 80,000 shp allowing a speed of 31 knots and with a a fuel oil binker capacity of 3,500 tons and a speed of 20 knots a minumym range of 20,000 nautical miles. The ship was armoured, specifcations are not known, the weight of the armour was estinated to be 2,054 tons. She was able to carry 12 planes with her, for launching was one catapult available. The armament consisted of 3x3-20,3cm/8” guns all three turrets on the fore ship and on the superstructure 4x2-12.7cm/5” anti aircraft guns and finally 4 torpedo tubes. There were two cylindrical towers on each beam with each 2 control decks and which were connected by an athwartships gallery.
In a letter dated 13 April 1942 No. 1329 to the O.K.M./1 Abteilung Skl. was the so-called ‘Etappen’-organisation of the navy described. In the attachment were the blockade runners described used for this purpose. Ms. Euler. Not loaded. Left Gijon, Spain on 28 July 1940. Via Santander, Spain towards Bayonne, France. Arrived on 13 August 1940. Seized by German navy in October 1940 for transfer.
Source
Bundesarchiv RM 7/223
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships dated Berlin 22 May 1944. Yard at Varna, Bulgaria. Date building ordered 22 December 1941. Date completion unknown due to transport and labour problems allowing a future maximum completion of 1-2 Kriegsfischkutters possible.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 152.
An item reported the American whaler Abram Parker which arrived at Honolulu, Hawaii on 14 October 1852 spoke in September the American whaler Benjamin Tucker 10 whales.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships by German shipyards in July 1944. Type XXIII. Yard Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Yard number 507. Date building ordered 28 October 1943. Date completion November 1944. Remarks deadlines conform planning.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 147.
An item reported the American whaler Abram Parker which arrived at Honolulu, Hawaii on 14 October 1852 spoke in September the American whaler William Hamilton 1,800 barrels oil.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
List of planning with deadlines for new construction of warships by German shipyards in July 1944. Type XXIII. Yard Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Yard number 506. Date building ordered 28 October 1943. Date completion November 1944. Remarks deadlines conform planning.
Source
Deutsches Historisches Institut Moska. Records 500 findbuch 12453-file 147.
Sketch of Vice Admiral Sir Roger Keyes (1872–1945), KCB, CMG, CVO, DSO, by the British painter Glyn Warren Philpot, 1918.
Courtesy of the collection of the Imperial War Museums.
The American Consulate at Valetta, Malta wrote the US State of Secretary on 10 January 1928 No. 223 that the British Mediterranean Fleet under admiral Sir George Keyes (1) was to depart from Malta on 16 January for exercises and afterwards to be splitted into divisions for a cruise to the Levant. The entire fleet was to reassemble at Malta on 2 February. The HMS Coventry (2) flagship of rear-admiral commanding Mediterranean Destroyer Flotillas was to arrive at Corfu, Greece on 19 January, leaving on 31 January and arriving at Malta on 2 February.
Notes
1. Roger John Brownlow Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes (4 October 1872 Punjab, British India-26 December 1945 Tingewick, United Kingdom), served in the Royal Navy between 1885-1935 and 1940-1941 ending his career in the rank of Admiral of the Fleet.
2. Part of C-class Ceres sub-class light cruisers, preceded by Arethusa-class, succeeded by Danae-class, laid down by Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson, Wallsend-on-Tyne 4 August 1916, launched on 6 July 1917, commissioned on 21 February 1918, converted into an anti-aircraft cruiser in 1935, heavily damaged in a German air attack north-west of Alexandria, Egypt and scuttled on 14 September 1942
Source
National Archives. Record Group 64: Records of the National Archives and Records AdministrationSeries: Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Great Britain. Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: 841.315 THRU 841.31553 THRU Naval Affairs, Navy, Navy Vessels: Movement of Naval Vessels: 841.33 - 841.3311/64. Microcopy 580 roll 92.
©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Length 48.6 feet. Operated by the Maritime Safety Board
An item dated Amsterdam, Netherlands 24 October reported that the Dutch Greenland whaler Hendrik commandeur Jan Hendriks arrived in Lands Diep in the evening of 20 October.
Type ship. Master R. Stoddart. Tonnage 348 tons. Owner Archibald Miller. Port where registered Leith.
Source
List of the shipping registered in the different ports of Scotland. Glasgow, 1821.
Gangut-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Imperator Aleksandr III . ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Imperator Nikolai I as Demokratiia. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Imperatritsa Mariya-class preceded by Gangut-class succeeded by Imperator Nikolai I. Ordered on 13 April 1912, laid down by Russud Shipyard, Nikolayev, Ukraine on 30 October 1911, launched on 15 April 1914, commissioned on 17 July 1917, renamed Volia on 29 April 1917, taken over by the Bolsheviks in November 1917, handed over to Germany on 19 June 1918, handed over to the United Kingdom on 24 November 1918, handed over to the Russian White Army on 1 November 1919, renamed General Alekseyev, decommissioned on 29 December 1920, docked in Bizerte, French Tunisia until 1936 and broken up to compensate the unpaid docking fees.
The US legation at Lisbon, Portugal informed on 12 March 1926 the Secretary of State that according the local press on 10-13 March published rumors t Portugal bought cruisers from England. Except for the three newsitems had the legation no further knowledge of such a sale. The Diaro de Noticias dated 10 March 1926 reported the day before have stated that England offered Portugal four cruisers included arrangements for payment. The Portuguese Ministry of Marine however did not yet received that proposal but the newspaper had information that instead not 4 but 8 cruisers were offered on the best price conditions and easiest conditions of payment. The sale was a result of the Washington Conference Treaty according to which England could not increase her navy and while she herself wanted to have the most modern cruisers want she to get rid of the cruisers on exceptional terms to a friendly and allied nation. The newspaper O Seculo dated 11 March reported that both Ministries of Marine and of Foreign Affairs denied such a sale. The next day reported the same newspaper that such sale was nonsense and contary with the regulations in the Washington Naval Treaty. The U.S. consul general at Lisbon wrote the U.S. Minister at the Legation on 10 March that he wondered if thw Minister read the Diario de Noticias that morning dealing with the four cruisers offered by England to Portugal wich England was not allowed to keep due to the Washington Treaty. The Consul General thought that although the cruisers were to be sold to Portugal, this would not deprive the British to use them in case of emergency under the Ancient Anglo-Portuguese Alliance at any future time. Such a loan was to ensure the immediate delivery by the Portuguese. He suggested the Minister to bring the matter under the attention of the Secretary of State.(1)
Note
1. In 1919 was this sale also discussed.
Source
Record Group 64: Records of the National Archives and Records Administration Series: Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Portugal. Military Affairs and the Army: 853.20 - 853.206/7 THRU Naval Affairs, Navy, Naval Vessels: Equipment and Supplies: 853.34 - 853.348. Microcopy 705 roll 13
River-class ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Loch-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
To be built by Blyth Shipbuilding & Dry Docks Company Ltdk, Blyth, England. Cancelled in 1945. Modified River-class hull and improved armament. Of this class were 28 ships built and 54 cancelled.
Sources
Jane’s Fighting Ships 1944-1945
David K. Brown. Nelson to Vanguard. Warship design and development 1923-1945.
David K. Brown. Atlantic Escorts. Ships, Weapons and Tactics in World War II.
J.J.. Colledge/Ben Warlow. Ships of the Royal Navy. The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present.
Norman Friedman. British Destroyers&Frigates/ The Second World War and After.
Leo Marriott. Royal Navy Frigates since 1945. 2nd edition.
G.M. Stephen. British warship designs since 1906.
A.W. Watson. ‘Corvettes and frigates’ in: Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, 1947, p. 165-185
