French design. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
British Trafalgar-class. ©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Kiel Canal, Kiel, Germany June 1895
The American lieutenant Albert Gleaves U.S.N. published in the magazine Mechanics dated October 1888 p. 265-268 an article with the title “A proposed non-sinkable battle-ship with a constant waterline.” It was a translation of an article earlier published in the Austrian magazine Mitteilungen Vol XIV Nos. III and IV. In fact the orginal version was written by the French rear-admiral Pallu de la Barrière (1) for the magazine Revue des deux Mondes dated August 1888 influenced by a collision between two French ships in 1886 and nearly a disaster for the Reine Blanche. To keep a ship floating as long as possible Pallu wanted to use (amorphous) cellulose made of the fibres that envelop the fruit of the cocoa-palm. At the same time he desired to design a protected warship which was able to compete with the heaviest armored ships already existing or under construction despite being smaller. His design was discussed in the French magazine Le Yacht [14 and 21 January 1888] and details were by Gleaves used for his article. Engineers of the Atelier et Chantiers de la Loire perfected the concept. Her theoretical opponents were the British battleships HMS Nile or Trafalgar (2)with a displacement of 11,900 tons or the Italian Re Umberto and Sardinia with a displacement of 13,800 tons.
The original article was translated by Gleaves and published in the magazine Mechanics. It contains more details than published in this blogpost. Displacement when equipped 9,767 ton and as dimensions 120.51 (between perpendiculars) x 19.5 x (maximum beam) x 9.85 (depth between main deck beams-waterline) x 7 metres (mean draught when equipped) or 395.27 x 63.96 x 32.3 x 22,96 feet. Calculated speed with maximum draught of 7 metres is 19 knots and range 4,500 nautical miles/10 knots. The armament was to consist of 2x1-42cm in barbette (1 bow, 1 stern), 2x1-27cm guns in revolving turrets on each side of the ship, 12-16cm guns, 4-6.2cm quick firing guns, 8-4.7cm quick firing guns and 6-3.7cm revolving canon.
Notes
1. Léopold Augustin Charles Pallu de la Barrière (19 August 1828 Saintes-13 February 1891 Lorient), served in the French navy between 1846-1980 with as end rank rear admiral.
2. The British Trafalfar-class ironclad-battleships consisted of the Trafalgar and Nile, preceded by Victoria-class succeeded by Royal Sovereign-class were designed by William Henry White with a displacement of 11,940 (designed)-12,590 (actual) tons and as dimensions 105 x 22 x 8.38 metres or 345 x 73 x 27.6 feet. Speed 16.7 knots. Armament 4-34.29cm/13.5”breech laoding guns, 6-12cm/4.7” quick firing guns, 8-6 pounder guns, 9-3 pounder quick firing guns and 5 torpedo tubes. Both laid down was the Trafalgar in 1890 completed, the Nile on 10 July 1881.
3. The Italian Re Umberto-class ironclad battleships consisted of the Re Umberto (1884-1893), Sicilia (1884-1895) and Sardegna (1885-1895)preceded by the Ruggiero di Lauria-class succeeded by the Ammiraglio di Saint Bon-class. Displacement 13,892 (normal)-15,702 (full load) tons and as dimensions 127.6 x 23.4 x 9,3 metres or 418. 7 1/2 x 76 x 10 1/2 x 30.6 feet. Speed 18.5 knots. Armament 2x2-34.3cm/13.5” guns, 8-15.2cm/6” guns, 16-12cm/4.7” guns, 16-5.7cm/2.24”.6-pounder guns, 10-3.7cm/1.5” guns and 5-45cm/17.7” torpedo tubes.