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The US Coast Artillery School developed for shore-based observation posts the bump-method for spotting and recognizing a ship hull down over the horizon. The method was applying to a ship from the top down and the top third of the superstructure first appearing over the horizon and this reducing to a simplified silhouette, in fact just a rough outline of the characteristic upper portions of the superstructure.
Succeeded by County-class. Consisted of Hawkins, Raleigh, Frobisher, Effingham and Cavendish. Built between 1916-1925 and in service between 1919-1947.
Sources
John D. Neill, “The Bump Charts” in: Coast Artillery Journal, Jan-February 1944, p. 31-33.
“Bumps. Warships are quickly recognized by new Coast Artillery Bump Silhouettes” in: U.S. Army-Navy Journal of Recognition, November 1943, No. 3., p. 21-25.
ONI. FM 30-50. Recognition pictorial manual of naval vessels, 15 September 1943.
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