The defence of Singapore according to the magazine Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete des Seewesens dated 1889 no. 1-2

An item reported that the last two years England and her colonies make all efforts to improve the defence of the British coal stations and arsenals outside Europe. At Singapore was the huge entrepôt to be defended by 23cm muzzle loading guns and several 20cm breech loading guns. The harbour was within sort time toe be defended by 23 and 25 cm breech loading guns. Further more was Singapore defended by revolvers and quick firing guns. The British authorities believed that Singapore was able to resist even the heavies cruisers.