Project 661 Anchaer/NATO: Papa-class©Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
Part of Project 949A Antey called by the NATO Oscar II preceded by the Papa- and Charlie-classes and succeeded by the Yasen-class. Totally were 20 submarines of Project 949-949A ordered of which six were totally. Of the six four were even never laid down. A fouth-generation follow-on was planned but never realized. In 2011 was a modernisation announced under Project 949AM to be realized by the Rubin Design Bureau cooperating with the Zvedocja and Zvezda shipyards. Designed for attacking NATO carrier battle groups with her 24 P-700 Granit (the SS-N-19 Shipwreck) cruise missiles. During the modernization was replacement of the Granit cruise missiles planned by 72 3M-54 Kalibr or P-800 Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles.
Laid down at Sevmash on 25 February 1986, launched on 16 December 1988, commissioned on 29 December 1989, since 2020 laid up in reserve, part of the Northern Fleet.
Sources
Breemer, Jan. Soviet submarines. Design, Development and Tactics, 1989
Breyer, S. and N. Polmar. Guide to the Soviet Navy, 2nd edition.
Jordan, J. Soviet submarines 1945 to the present.
Kouznetsov, N. La Marine sovietique en guerre 1941-1945.
Pavlov, A.S. Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945-1995.
Polmar N. and J. Noot. Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies 1718-1990.
Schulz-Troge, U. Die sowjetische Kriegsmarine.
Jane’s Fighting Ships several editions.
Warshipsresearch.blogspot.com
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar-class_submarine dated 11 April 2026 15:53 o’clock
https://russianships.info/eng/submarines/ dated 12 April 2026 19:46 o’clock.
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